At the ribbon-cutting for a memorial garden in Cleveland in November 2021, Florence Bray said that it hurts. She had lost a daughter and a niece to the same man. The black granite monument beside her carried eleven names and the figure of an angel. Getting it there took ten years, a demolition crew, a land conservancy and a group of families who did not leave.
Memorials to the victims of serial murder are seldom built by the institutions that failed them, and they are almost never built quickly. They come from mothers, sisters, cousins, a county coroner, a church committee, a university fraternity council, and they are argued over in public, sometimes as hard as the crimes were. The arguments are about wording, about place and about which names belong on the stone. Each of the seven cases has its own record of dates, votes, quotations and disputes, from Ohio to northern Chile to a country churchyard in New South Wales. In several of them the list of the dead is longer than anything a court decided.
The deaths of eleven women came to light in Cleveland on October 29, 2009, when police served warrants on Anthony Sowell. He was arrested two days later. In July 2011 a Cuyahoga County jury convicted him of the aggravated murder of Tonia Carmichael, Nancy Cobbs, Tishana Culver, Crystal Dozier, Telacia Fortson, Amelda Hunter, Leshanda Long, Michelle Mason, Kim Yvette Smith, Diane Turner and Janice Webb, on 81 counts in all, which included counts involving three women who survived. A judge sentenced him to death that August. The Supreme Court of Ohio affirmed the sentences in December 2016. He died in custody of a terminal illness on February 8, 2021, at 61.
Crystal Dozier was the first of the eleven to go missing, in October 2007, according to the coroner’s list. She was the mother of seven children. Her firstborn, Anthony Dozier, filed the police report and searched for her at night while he was training at the police academy. He gave up the plan to become an officer, earned two college degrees, went into software and named his company Crystal Clear Solutions. "If she had the opportunity to become something, there’s no idea who she could have become," he told WKYC in 2019. Her mother, Florence Bray, said at the opening of the garden that the loss of a daughter and a niece in the same case still hurts. When Sowell died, Bray said: "All these years he’s been living, and my child has turned to dust. So I can’t say I am sad that he’s dead." Days later more than two dozen people marched through the neighborhood and read the eleven names aloud.
Anniversaries in this case have been measured in paperwork. On October 29, 2019, the tenth anniversary of the deaths coming to light, the Eighth District Court of Appeals heard argument in Sowell’s postconviction case. "Ten years have gone by and we’re still only about halfway through the appellate process," the county’s assistant prosecutor, Chris Schroeder, said that month. Local stations used the date to ask what else had changed. Mayor Frank Jackson had appointed a three-member Special Commission on Missing Persons and Sex Crimes Investigations, and its report of March 31, 2010 made 26 recommendations, all accepted by the mayor’s office: a missing persons unit inside the police department, a public website of missing people, no waiting period before a report could be taken, and a temporary move of the sex crimes unit to what the report called a "victim-friendly and neutral" site. "We’ll be watching," said commission member Megan O’Bryan, who headed the Cleveland Rape Crisis Center. By May 2011 the commission reported 18 of its 26 tasks complete. Ten years after the deaths came to light, Sondra Miller, the Rape Crisis Center’s president, said the recommendations had lost momentum and been largely forgotten, and that survivors still met an inadequate response. Councilman Matt Zone, who chaired the council’s safety committee, agreed. "We haven’t done enough," he said. Families of six of the women had sued the city, and in September 2018 Ideastream reported that Cleveland would pay 1 million dollars to those families.
The building at the center of the case came down on December 6, 2011. Heavy equipment started before dawn, a day after the families received hand-delivered letters, and neighbors gathered nearby and chanted "Tear it down!" Frances Webb-Speed, Janice Webb’s sister, said many of the families still lived in the neighborhood and that it would be good for the building to be gone. The lot then stood empty for years. In 2016 the Western Reserve Land Conservancy helped assemble nearly an acre for a memorial, a lot made up of eight city parcels, The Land reported in 2020. A local architect hired by the families drew the first design, and David Wilson of LAND Studio managed the project. A path traces an infinity loop, a low wall offers seating, and a poem by Maya Angelou is part of the design. Residents and relatives planted 22 trees, "eleven times two."
The Garden of 11 Angels was dedicated in November 2021 in Cleveland’s Mount Pleasant neighborhood, with a monument inscribed with the eleven names. A granddaughter of Tonia Carmichael, Doniesha Jacobs Carmicheal, called the day "closure."
Fourteen girls and women were killed in and around Alto Hospicio, a fast-growing settlement on the desert plateau overlooking the port of Iquique in northern Chile, between 1998 and 2001. Julio Pérez Silva, an unlicensed taxi driver, was arrested on October 4, 2001, and confessed. On February 26, 2004, a judge in Iquique convicted him of fourteen aggravated homicides, with other charges, and sentenced him to simple life imprisonment. The Iquique Court of Appeals raised the sentence to qualified life imprisonment in September 2005, and the Supreme Court ratified it in October 2006, with at least forty years to serve before he can seek any prison benefit. As of March 2026 he was held at Colina 1.
What Chile remembers about the case is the three years in which nobody was looking. As girls went missing on their way to or from school, police and senior officials told their families that the girls had probably run away. Investigators searched for them in Peru. Jorge Burgos, later Chile’s defense minister, was quoted in 2001 blaming poverty and family breakdown, and El Desconcierto resurfaced the remark in 2018. The families, most of them poor, said they were treated with contempt because of where they lived. The government later apologized, and a congressional human rights commission acknowledged that the young women had been stigmatized. Mothers told El Desconcierto that families wrote to the authorities in February and May 1999 asking for an investigation, and that nothing came of it.
The first memorial came long before the verdict. In 2002 a memorial was built for the victims in Iquique, and it became known as the "Reinas de la Pampa," the queens of the pampa. Relatives kept the condolence books that visitors left there. In 2018 one mother told El Desconcierto that she visited every three days and opposed a municipal proposal to move the memorial to Alto Hospicio. On February 25, 2026, Chile’s National Monuments Council voted 17 to 0 to protect the memorial, with the support of the Municipality of Iquique. The Ministry of Cultures, Arts and Heritage declared it a historic monument by a decree dated March 6 and published in the official gazette on March 24, 2026. The council cited the memorial’s value for memory and reparation, the families' long organizing, and the fact that the case came before Chilean law explicitly recognized femicide.
The decree lists the fourteen victims by full name: Graciela Monsterrat Saravia Tapia, Ornella Dallana Linares Cepeda, Ivón Alexandra Carrillo Lefno, Macarena del Carmen Sánchez Jabre, Gisela Ivonne Melgarejo Navarro, Sara Marisol Gómez Cuevas, Angélica Lily Lay Alcayaga, Laura Andrea Zola Henríquez, Katherine Elizabeth Arce Rivera, Patricia Edith Palma Valdivia, Macarena Cecilia Montecino Iglesias, Viviana Melisa Garay Moena, Deysi Sara Castro Mamani and Angélica Miryam Palape Castro. Even a decree does not settle the wording. Several ages printed in it differ by a year or two from press reports of the 2004 sentence, and some surnames are spelled differently in the news coverage: Ivonne Carrillo, Laura Sola, Macarena Montecinos. Meganoticias counted eleven adolescents and three adults among the dead.
Ivón Carrillo was fifteen. Friends called her "la dulce Popi," and she helped run a children’s reading corner at a library, El Desconcierto reported. Her mother searched for her for three years and said officials would not take her missing-person report. Her mother and her sister were among those who asked, in January 2025, that the memorial be protected as a national monument.
The mothers continued to speak to the press as the Agrupación de Madres y Familiares de Víctimas del Psicópata de Alto Hospicio. A psychologist from the Fundación Amparo y Justicia had worked with them since 2002. Their anniversaries have been used to ask for more than remembrance. In October 2016, on the fifteenth anniversary of the arrest, mothers of at least two victims said they would ask the Supreme Court again to reopen the case, citing a false name in the case file and witnesses who wanted to speak; no ruling was reported. Deputy Hugo Gutiérrez had made a similar request when Burgos became defense minister, arguing that possible links between Pérez Silva and members of the armed forces and police had never been clarified. Pérez Silva was the only person charged, and the State Defense Council said he acted alone. Relatives of five other missing women have asked the courts to examine whether he was involved in their cases. He did not include them in his confession and has not been charged in any of them. In 2018 the mothers asked the television network Mega not to air a television series about the case, saying, in the words of the headline over their statement, that it "incentivizes and justifies violence against women and femicides."
In late August 1990, as the University of Florida’s fall semester began, five young people were killed in Gainesville over about four days: Sonja Larson, 18; Christina Powell, 17; Christa Hoyt, 18; Tracy Paules, 23; and Manuel Taboada, 23. Four were University of Florida students and one attended Santa Fe Community College. Classes closed for a week. Danny Rolling, a drifter from Shreveport, Louisiana, was arrested in Ocala in September 1990 on a robbery charge, before he was linked to the killings. He pleaded guilty on February 15, 1994 to five counts of first-degree murder, with other charges. The penalty-phase jury recommended death on each murder count by a vote of 12 to 0 on March 24, 1994, and Circuit Judge Stan R. Morris imposed five death sentences on April 20. Rolling was executed at Florida State Prison on October 25, 2006.
The first memorial was never meant to last. In 1990 the artist Adam Byrn Tritt painted a tribute on a graffiti-covered wall that is a Gainesville landmark, expecting it to stand for a week or two. The University of Florida’s Interfraternity Council has maintained it since 2000, and it still carries the five names and the words "Remember 1990." Five palm trees planted in Gainesville in 2000 each carry a plaque for one of the students, and five trees stand on campus near Library East. Scholarships were set up in their names. For years the university marked the anniversary by tolling the Century Tower carillon five times. It stopped after the 25th anniversary in 2015, when a memorial service was held at the Baughman Center with relatives, the university president, Kent Fuchs, and Sadie Darnell, by then the Alachua County sheriff. "They were murdered. There are no words to explain why," Darnell said.
Arguments about memory began in the courtroom. When the first sentence was read in April 1994, Ricky Paules, Tracy’s mother, called out "Yes!" As Rolling was led out, Mario Taboada, Manuel’s brother, shouted that the children’s names would be remembered over his, and he was removed from the courtroom. Sonja Larson’s brother confronted Sondra London in the courtroom and warned her not to make money from his sister’s death; she said she had been threatened. After the jury’s recommendation, Christa Hoyt’s mother, Ann Garren, who attended every session, said: "We got what we prayed for," and called it partial relief.
The case reached the screen indirectly. The screenwriter Kevin Williamson has said that he was drawn to write the 1996 horror film Scream after watching a March 1994 episode of ABC’s Turning Point about the Gainesville killings, according to Smithsonian magazine, which cites a 1998 CNN interview. Scream is fiction, and none of its characters represent the victims.
Wayne Williams was convicted on February 27, 1982 of murdering two men, Jimmy Ray Payne, 21, and Nathaniel Cater, 27, and Judge Clarence Cooper sentenced him to two consecutive life terms. Both men were adults. On March 1, 1982, the task force that had spent two years on the city’s missing and murdered children and young adults announced that it would close 21 more cases, with one more to follow, and linked all 22 to Williams. None was charged or tried, and he denies them. In 2022 Atlanta News First reported that police believe him responsible for at least 24 of the 30 deaths on the expanded list. None of those attributions has been tested in court.
The list itself is the memorial that came first. Depending on the account it has 29 or 30 names. A WSB-TV gallery published in 2019 gives them with ages and the month each case entered the record: Edward Smith, 14, and Alfred Evans, 13, in July 1979; Milton Harvey, 14, in September 1979; Yusef Bell, 9, in October 1979; Angel Lenair, 12, and Jeffery Mathis, 10, in March 1980; Eric Middlebrooks, 14, in May 1980; Christopher Richardson, 12, Latonya Wilson, 7, and Aaron Wyche, 10, in June 1980; Anthony Carter, 9, and Earl Terrell, 11, in July 1980; Clifford Jones, 13, in August 1980; Darron Glass, 10, in September 1980; Charles Stephens, 12, in October 1980; Aaron Jackson, 9, and Patrick Rogers, 16, in November 1980; Lubie Geter, 14, and Terry Pue, 15, in January 1981; Patrick Baltazar, 11, and Curtis Walker, 15 (13 in other reports), in February 1981; Joseph Bell, 15, Timothy Hill, 13, Eddie Duncan, 21, Larry Rogers, 20, and Michael McIntosh, 23, in March 1981; John Porter, 28, and Jimmy Ray Payne, 21, in April 1981; and William Barrett, 17, and Nathaniel Cater, 27, in May 1981. Angel Lenair and Latonya Wilson were the only girls. The cases of Milton Harvey, Latonya Wilson and Darron Glass are recorded as unresolved. WSB observes that John Porter was discussed in connection with the killings but was not on the original official list.
For families, the question has outlasted the verdict. Catherine Leach, the mother of Curtis Walker, told reporters in 2019 that she wanted to know who had killed her son. On March 21, 2019, Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms and Police Chief Erika Shields announced that the Atlanta police, the Fulton County District Attorney’s Office and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation would gather the old evidence and retest it. Bottoms said she had been 9 years old when the killings began and had felt her childhood taken from her, and that she had decided after talking with Leach. "It may be there is nothing left to be tested," she said, but "history will judge us by our actions, and we will be able to say we tried." The Associated Press noted that some relatives had long questioned whether officials rushed to blame Williams for every death. In May 2019 District Attorney Paul Howard announced Georgia’s first conviction integrity unit and said Williams’s conviction would be the first it would examine in depth. No outcome of that review has been reported.
Anniversaries drove the next steps. The Atlanta Police Department said the money for DNA testing was approved on June 21, 2021, the 40th anniversary of Williams’s arrest. That October, officers took evidence to a private laboratory in Salt Lake City, Utah, that specializes in degraded DNA, and Lou Arcangeli, a retired deputy chief who had worked the cases, told WABE he believed Williams was guilty. Bottoms said while still mayor that fibers in all 30 cases had been re-examined and that the review had been widened to cover 1970 to 1985 to look for overlooked victims. In December 2022 relatives of several victims asked the city to release the results. "No lab results have ever been given to the families," said Jimmy Howard, a spokesman for some of them. Police said the investigation remained open. Williams’s lawyer, Janis Mann, said no official report was available and hoped the testing would clear him. Nicolas Burston, a cousin of Anthony Carter, told 11Alive he thought Williams was innocent. Williams was denied parole in November 2019, with his next consideration set for November 2027, and was reported at Telfair State Prison in 2021 and 2022.
On June 27, 2023, the city unveiled a memorial with an eternal flame on the grounds of City Hall, created by a task force Bottoms had set up. June Thompson, the sister of Darron Glass, said she was grateful at last to have a place to remember him. Bottoms closed the ceremony by reading the victims' names.
In late June 1996, sheriff’s deputies and forensic anthropologists began a search of an 18-acre estate in Westfield, Indiana, a suburb north of Indianapolis. Its owner, Herbert R. Baumeister, a 49-year-old businessman who ran two thrift stores in Indianapolis, was wanted for questioning. On July 3, 1996, he shot himself at a provincial park in Ontario, Canada. He was never charged or tried, and police named him as the only suspect. No court has examined the case.
Identification work that had largely stopped after the late 1990s resumed in 2022, when the Hamilton County coroner asked relatives for DNA samples. Ten men have since been identified from the roughly 10,000 fragments recovered. They are, with the ages and dates given for when they went missing: John Lee "Johnny" Bayer, 20, of Indianapolis, May 28, 1993; Jeffrey Allen Jones, 31, of Indianapolis, July 6, 1993; Richard Douglas Hamilton Jr., 20, of Indianapolis, July 31, 1993; Manuel Resendez, 31, of Lafayette, August 6, 1993; Allen Lee Livingston, 27, August 1993; Steven Spurlin Hale, 26, April 1, 1994; Allen Wayne Broussard, 28, June 6, 1994; Roger Allen Goodlet, 33, July 22, 1994; Michael Frederick Keirn, 46, March 31, 1995; and Daniel Thomas Halloran, born in 1972, whose date has never been made public. The coroner’s office now spells the last name Keirn, where earlier reports gave Kiern. Allen Broussard’s family and Roger Goodlet’s were the two who hired a private investigator, Vandagriff, in 1994.
Each identification has been its own small anniversary. Livingston was named in October 2023, Jones in May 2024, and a tenth man in April 2025. On November 4, 2025, the coroner announced that the University of North Texas Center for Human Identification had confirmed by DNA that material from the estate was Goodlet’s, supporting an identification first made from dental records in 1996. "Today’s confirmation provides an opportunity for continued closure to the family and loved ones of Roger Goodlet," Coroner Jellison said, adding that advances in forensic science had "finally allowed us to restore names to the victims."
On August 29, 2024, the coroner’s office and an Indiana ministry, He Knows Your Name, held the first public memorial for the men, in Westfield. A monument by the Canadian artist David Perrett lists the nine men then identified, with room for more names. Beside it is a place of rest that any connected family may use at no cost, and the ashes of Jeff Jones and Allen Livingston were placed there. Jellison told the families, WTHR reported, that they had spent thirty years grieving with unanswered questions. "Honoring victims and their family is finishing a story," said Linda Znachko, who started the ministry. Matthew Pranger, a first cousin of Livingston, said the memorial brought a sense of reality to something that had felt unreal. As of May 2026, ten men had been identified and the coroner’s office was working on two more.
John Lynch, an Irish convict transported to New South Wales in 1832, was convicted at the Berrima Court House on March 21, 1842 of the murder of Kearns Landregan and was hanged at Berrima Gaol that year. Earlier, he and two other men were tried for the death of Thomas Smith, a laborer at Oldbury, and all three were acquitted. The Berrima District Historical and Family History Society, which has done the most public work on the case, counts ten people as his victims in all and describes the killings as premeditated. By its account he gained his victims' trust first. Apart from Landregan, none of those deaths was ever tried.
In March 2016 a Society member, Linda Emery, brought to its management committee a suggestion from another member, Ros Dale: a plaque at All Saints church, Sutton Forest, for the people the Society counts as Lynch’s victims. Linda and Langdon Emery offered a sandstone plinth, and the Society agreed to pay up to 500 dollars for the plaque, according to its April 2016 newsletter. The plaque names six people: Thomas Smith; John and Bridget Mulligan of Wombat Brush; Bridget’s children John, 18, and Mary, 13; and Kearns Landregan. It stands beside the headstones of William Fraser and his son, also named William, whom the Society counts among the ten; the elder Fraser’s headstone is ornate and was already there. The Rector of All Saints, the Reverend Jeremy Tonks, blessed and unveiled the plaque on Sunday, September 8, 2019, after the afternoon service, and the gathering ended with afternoon tea in the church hall.
The plaque and the record do not match, and the Society’s own papers show it. The plaque marks six; the Society’s count is ten; its 2016 newsletter said eleven; Emery wrote in 2026 of "at least 10." Her 2026 article in Highlife says Lynch "was convicted in 1842 for killing at least 10 people," but the Society’s 2019 account and the legal record show a conviction for one killing, Landregan’s. The two victims beyond the eight named have not been identified in published accounts. Landregan’s first name appears as both Kearns and Kerns in one Society newsletter. Convict Records of Australia gives April 22, 1842 as the date of Lynch’s death, while the Society’s 2019 newsletter says he was hanged the day after his conviction. That he danced a jig on the scaffold is something Emery reports as said of him, not as established.
Between 1977 and 1984, killings in northern Italy and in Munich were claimed in letters and leaflets signed "Ludwig." The writers called themselves the last heirs of Nazism. Fifteen deaths were claimed in that name. On March 4, 1984, two young men from Verona, Wolfgang Abel and Marco Furlan, were arrested at Castiglione delle Stiviere, in the province of Mantua, over an attempted arson at a disco during a Carnival party attended by about 400 people. In February 1987 the Verona assize court convicted both of ten of the deaths, recognized partial mental infirmity, and sentenced each to 30 years, later reduced to 27. It acquitted them, for insufficient evidence, of the other killings claimed by Ludwig. Abel always said he was innocent. His last legal restrictions were lifted in November 2016, and he died at Negrar in October 2024.
The ten were two elderly Servite friars in Vicenza in July 1982, whose names appear as Mario Lovato, 70, and Giovanni Battista Pigato, 65, in the 1985 and 1987 reports and as Giuseppe Lovato and Gabriele Pigato in 1984 and 2022; Armando Bison, 71, a priest of the Venturini fathers, in Trento in late February 1983; six people at the Eros cinema in Milan on May 14, 1983; and Corinna Tartarotti, 20, in Munich. The Eros fire was set during a screening on a Saturday afternoon. Five people in the audience died. The sixth victim was Livio Ceresoli, 46, a doctor who was passing, stopped and went in to help; he was later awarded the gold medal for civil valor. Thirty-two people were injured.
Milan forgot the Eros fire. Il Fatto Quotidiano wrote in 2023 that it was the most serious act of violence in the city since the Piazza Fontana bombing of 1969, and one the city had largely forgotten. On May 14, 2023, the fortieth anniversary, Milan placed a memorial in front of the former cinema. Its inscription records that between 1977 and 1984 the name Ludwig claimed 15 killings in all, and states that the group’s accomplices and supporters have not been identified. On that point the stone says more than the 1987 verdict did, but not more than a magistrate had suggested in 1984: the judge Sannite told l’Unità then that he believed Ludwig was a sect with more than two members. Speakers and guests included the city councillor Lamberto Bertole, the journalists Alessandra Coppola, Ferruccio de Bortoli and Mario Calabresi, and Saverio Ferrari, author of a book on the Ludwig group and the Eros fire. In 2024, weeks after Abel’s death, Milan prosecutors reopened the Eros inquiry to look for others involved.
Munich’s memory work took longer. On the night of January 6 to 7, 1984, a fire was set at the Liverpool, a dance bar where about 30 guests were present. Eight were injured. Corinna Tartarotti, a 20-year-old Italian woman who worked at the club, died of her burns about three months later; a 2022 motion put to the city council gave the month as April 1984. Her name appears in the Italian press of the 1980s as Corinna Tarfarotti and in the council motion as Tatarotti, and the city’s commemorations used Tartarotti. The motion, put on January 5, 2022, asked for a plaque at the club’s former address and noted that the fire was remembered only by civil society. On January 7, 2022, the 38th anniversary, the city held its own commemoration. The second mayor, Katrin Habenschaden, called it a further step toward naming right-wing terror in Munich as such. A year later about 150 people watched as the words "In memory of Corinna Tartarotti" were projected onto a facade at the former club, and the city’s culture department said it was considering a permanent plaque.
The seven memorials differ in almost every particular. In Cleveland the names are cut in granite and the argument was about demolition and a city’s promises. In Chile a decree sets fourteen names in an official gazette, spelled slightly differently from the newspapers. In Gainesville a wall painted to last a week has been kept up for decades by a fraternity council. In Atlanta the flame stands on the grounds of City Hall while families wait for laboratory results they say they have not seen. At Sutton Forest six names on a plaque do not match the ten in the historical society’s count. In Milan a stone says accomplices were never identified. In Westfield the monument has room for more names, and as of May 2026 the coroner’s office was working on two.
• 1842, March 21: John Lynch convicted at Berrima Court House of the murder of Kearns Landregan; hanged at Berrima Gaol that year.
• 1982, February 27: Wayne Williams convicted of two murders in Atlanta; the task force closes 22 more cases on March 1.
• 1982, July: two friars killed in Vicenza (later among the ten deaths in the Abel and Furlan verdict).
• 1983, May 14: fire set at the Eros cinema in Milan; six people die.
• 1984, January 6 to 7: fire set at the Liverpool club in Munich; Corinna Tartarotti dies of her burns about three months later.
• 1984, March 4: Wolfgang Abel and Marco Furlan arrested at Castiglione delle Stiviere.
• 1987, February 10: Verona assize court convicts Abel and Furlan of ten deaths.
• 1990, August 24 to 27: five students killed in Gainesville.
• 1990: Adam Byrn Tritt paints a memorial on a landmark wall in Gainesville.
• 1994, February 15: Danny Rolling pleads guilty to five counts of first-degree murder.
• 1994, April 20: Rolling sentenced to death.
• 1996, July 3: Herbert Baumeister dies by suicide in Ontario, days after the search of the Westfield estate begins.
• 2000: Interfraternity Council takes over upkeep of the Gainesville wall; five palm trees planted.
• 2001, October 4: Julio Pérez Silva arrested in northern Chile.
• 2002: memorial built in Iquique, later known as the Reinas de la Pampa.
• 2004, February 26: Pérez Silva sentenced to simple life imprisonment; raised to qualified life imprisonment in September 2005 and ratified in October 2006.
• 2006, October 25: Rolling executed.
• 2009, October 29: deaths of eleven women come to light in Cleveland; Anthony Sowell arrested October 31.
• 2010, March 31: Cleveland commission issues 26 recommendations.
• 2011, July 22: Sowell convicted on 81 counts; sentenced to death in August; December 6, building demolished.
• 2015, August: Gainesville marks the 25th anniversary; the carillon tolling ends.
• 2018, September: Cleveland agrees to pay 1 million dollars to families of six victims.
• 2019, March 21: Atlanta announces retesting of evidence; September 8: plaque at Sutton Forest unveiled.
• 2021, February 8: Sowell dies in custody; November: Garden of 11 Angels opens in Cleveland.
• 2022, January 7: Munich commemorates the Liverpool fire; November: Hamilton County coroner seeks DNA samples from relatives.
• 2023, May 14: Milan places memorial at the former Eros cinema; June 27: Atlanta unveils eternal flame.
• 2024, August 29: first public memorial for the men identified at Westfield; October: Abel dies.
• 2025, November 4: DNA confirms Roger Goodlet’s identification.
• 2026, February 25 to March 24: Chile’s National Monuments Council votes 17 to 0; decree published March 24.