John Duffy and David Mulcahy met on their first day at secondary school in north London in 1970 and stayed close for the next 16 years. Between 1982 and 1986 they raped women across north London and the Home Counties, often near railway lines, and in the space of five months they killed three: Alison Day, 19, in December 1985; Maartje Tamboezer, 15, in April 1986; and Anne Lock, 29, in May 1986. Duffy was arrested in November 1986 and convicted at the Old Bailey in 1988 of the first two murders and of rapes. He was acquitted of the third murder. Mulcahy, though arrested more than once, was not charged.
Duffy said for years that he could not remember the crimes. In late 1997, in counselling at Whitemoor prison in Cambridgeshire, he began to describe them, and named Mulcahy as his partner. By then a separate inquiry had matched Mulcahy's DNA to evidence from one of the 1980s attacks. Duffy gave 14 days of evidence against his friend at the Old Bailey, and in February 2001 Mulcahy was convicted of all three murders, seven rapes and five conspiracies to rape. The case is also remembered for something that happened in 1986: it was the first British murder inquiry to ask a psychologist, David Canter, to draw up a profile of the offender.
The press called Duffy "the Railway Rapist" and later "the Railway Killer," because so many of the attacks were close to stations and tracks.
Duffy and Mulcahy were both 11 when they met at Haverstock secondary school in Chalk Farm in September 1970. They were in the same class, and Duffy later described them as "best of friends, like brothers." According to the Guardian's reconstruction of the case in 2001, both were bullied: Mulcahy because he was very small for his age, Duffy because of his bright red hair. They played truant together on Hampstead Heath, where they would creep up on courting couples to frighten them. Duffy told the court in 2000 that the friendship grew around a shared interest in motorbikes and martial arts. Both collected knives. Duffy studied a form of martial arts called Zen Budo, and a copy of a manual on unarmed killing was later found at his home.
They left school in 1975 without qualifications. Mulcahy went into building work and helped in his father's pubs. Duffy went to work for British Rail, which gave him a detailed knowledge of the railway network. In 1976 the two were convicted of assault after firing an airgun at passersby from the balcony of a pub in west London.
By Duffy's own later account, their first plans to rape women date from about the same time. As teenagers they twice broke in or lay in wait for women Mulcahy had taken against, once a woman he had fallen out with while doing building work at her flat. Both plans failed. Duffy said that the near escape of the second attempt excited them, and that they began to call what they did "hunting."
Mulcahy met his wife in 1976 and married in 1978; they had children. Duffy married Margaret in 1980. They were unable to have children, which the Guardian reported put great strain on the marriage, and Duffy was violent toward her. He later said he wanted to strike back at his wife by raping other women. When she gave evidence against him in 1988, by then divorced from him, she told the jury that he had taunted her with accounts of rapes he had committed, had once brought home a piece of jewelry taken from a victim, and had threatened to kill her; his treatment had driven her to attempt suicide, she said.
By early 1985 the two men were working together at Westminster council. Neither marriage, nor their jobs, nor Mulcahy's young family, slowed what they were doing at night and at weekends.
The first rape both men later described took place in October 1982. Duffy's wife was away, and they set out to abduct a woman and take her to his flat. They seized a young woman walking home from a party near Kilburn High Road, but lost their nerve about taking her back and raped her nearby. Duffy said that afterward they were excited and agreed to do it again, and that they believed they were cleverer than the police.
Over the next three years the attacks became planned operations. According to Duffy, they usually traveled by car, wore dark clothes and balaclavas or hooded tops, carried knives and tape, chose in advance where to take a victim, used agreed names for each other and planned escape routes. They played Michael Jackson's "Thriller" in the car as they set out. Between October 1982 and March 1985 they raped or conspired to rape 12 times; the youngest victim was 16. Duffy also attacked women on his own.
The locations in his later guilty pleas trace the pattern: Kilburn in 1982; Hampstead in 1983; Barnes Common, Hampstead Heath, Hampstead and Ruislip in 1984; Brent Cross in January 1985, where a 20-year-old au pair was attacked as she walked home. Many told the 2001 trial, or gave statements to police, about the lasting damage: years of anxiety, medication, time off work, secrets kept from husbands and families. One woman told police she had to approach them four times before anyone took her statement.
The Metropolitan Police inquiry into the attacks became known as Operation Hart. It eventually examined 68 offenses in south-east England between 1982 and 1986 that detectives thought might be linked, some committed by two men and some by one. The Guardian later described it as the largest British inquiry since the hunt for the Yorkshire Ripper. Much of the early work was done on paper, with pilot computer systems arriving only toward the end.
The detectives first came close to Duffy in July 1985, when he attacked his wife. Looking into his background, they found that Mulcahy was his only friend. Both men were arrested and released while inquiries continued. While on bail for the attack on his wife Duffy was found carrying a butterfly knife, a type of weapon used in some of the Hart attacks, but the connection was not made at the time. The forensic science of the day could not identify him. Investigators relied on blood grouping, which pointed toward Duffy, who had a rare blood type, but was of no use against Mulcahy.
Alison Day was 19 and worked as a secretary in Hackney, east London. On December 29, 1985, she was on her way to meet her fiancé when she was seized near Hackney Wick station.
According to the account Duffy later gave, and which the prosecution put before the jury in 2001, the two men took her along the railway tracks and canal paths to a bridge, where both raped her. She tried to escape. Mulcahy, Duffy said, forced her at knifepoint along a narrow ledge on the outside of the bridge; she fell into the canal, was pulled out, and was strangled with a strip of her own clothing. Her body was put into the water. Unlike in earlier attacks, the men had not covered their faces. The Guardian suggested in 2001 that the brief arrest of both men that summer may have taught them the danger of leaving witnesses.
After Alison Day's death a woman recognized a police photofit as Duffy and reported her suspicion three times. Twice the message was not acted on; the third time it was lost.
Maartje Tamboezer was 15. Her father, Albert Jan Tamboezer, was an engineer with Shell, and the family had lived in several countries, including an earlier spell in England, before settling in West Horsley, near Guildford in Surrey, about a year before her death. She had a younger brother and sister. She went to the Dutch School in Cobham, where her friends called her Marty; neighbors and friends described her to Dutch reporters as sweet and quiet, and her school knew her as cheerful and good company. A neighbor remembered the whole fair-haired family cycling through the village together. Her class was due to leave the next day on a school trip to the Netherlands.
On the afternoon of Thursday, April 17, 1986, she set off on her bicycle. The Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf reported at the time that she was going to a sweet shop; its report of the 1988 trial said she was riding home from visiting a friend. Her parents had warned her not to use the footpath beside the railway, which they thought was dangerous. She was last seen at about ten to four. Her mother, who had gone to collect her son from school, phoned the family's Dutch friends nearby and then went searching with a friend, and Maartje was reported missing at half past six. That night police found her bicycle on the footpath about a kilometer from home.
The jury in 1988 heard that a nylon line had been stretched across the path at chest height; she saw it and stopped, and was seized. Duffy's later account, which police walked through with prosecutors at the scene in 1999, was that both men grabbed her from her bicycle and marched her across fields, that he raped her, and that Mulcahy struck her and put a belt around her neck and ordered Duffy to pull it tight. She was found the next morning in a copse about two kilometers from where her bicycle lay, in sight of the London to Portsmouth railway line. An attempt had been made to burn her body. The Dutch School closed for the day in mourning, and the school trip was canceled.
Vincent McFadden, the senior Surrey Police officer on the case, said the force was looking for a sadistic killer. Detectives appealed to everyone who had traveled on the line between four and six that afternoon, and sought a man who had been seen, covered in mud, climbing a fence near the scene and who was believed to have caught the 6:07 p.m. train from Guildford to London. Visiting the scene in 1999, prosecutors concluded that the distance covered, the disposal of the bicycle and the lack of any reported struggle meant one man could not have carried out the attack alone.
Anne Lock was 29 and worked as a secretary at London Weekend Television. She had recently married Laurence Lock and had just come back from her honeymoon. In May 1986 she traveled home by train to Brookmans Park in Hertfordshire and disappeared after leaving the station. Her body was not found until July. The prosecution said in 2001 that she was probably suffocated.
Duffy's later account was that he raped her and then went back to sit in the car, and that when Mulcahy returned he said she would not be identifying them. At his 1988 trial Duffy was acquitted of her murder on the judge's direction. In 2001 a jury convicted Mulcahy of it.
"I don't have any clear memory of the night she disappeared but I have memories of her smile," Laurence Lock said after the 2001 verdicts. "I remember that vividly."
By early June 1986 police were certain that the man who killed Maartje Tamboezer had also killed Alison Day. John Hurst of Surrey Police, who led the Tamboezer inquiry, compared his findings with those of Scotland Yard's Kenneth Worker and found that both victims had been tied in the same way and strangled in the same unusual manner, and that a railway featured in both cases. Police told the Dutch press they believed the same man was responsible for at least 27 rapes. By July, McFadden was publicly linking the death of Anne Lock to the same series.
The forces involved were the Metropolitan Police, Surrey Police, Hertfordshire Constabulary and British Transport Police. One account of David Canter's work names the joint murder inquiry Operation Trinity; the rape inquiry remained Operation Hart. Detectives questioned more than 4,000 men in the months that followed.
In 1986 the detectives approached David Canter, then professor of applied psychology at the University of Surrey. He had not worked on crime before. His field was environmental psychology, the study of how people use and make sense of places, and he had come to know police case files through research on how people behave in fires, since fatal fires in Britain are investigated like murders. The police wanted to know whether the offender profiling then being promoted by American law enforcement could help them narrow a list of 1,999 suspects.
Canter mapped the linked attacks and treated the offender, in his own later words, as someone using his surroundings like anyone else, which let him suggest where the man probably lived when the offenses began. He also gave a psychological account of how the crimes had developed and escalated. The Guardian later reported that his analysis led him to hypothesize the area where the culprit lived. Duffy matched 13 of the 17 points in Canter's profile. The Guardian described Duffy in 1999 as the first person to be identified through what became known as psychological offender profiling.
Canter himself has played this down. He told an interviewer in 2004 that the plausible narrative he offered in 1986, which turned out to be accurate, was what everyone remembered, rather than the more important work on geography and offending. He has said that crimes are solved by the police, not psychologists.
Duffy was under police observation by the autumn of 1986. According to Mulcahy's 2001 trial, he committed one more rape, alone, in October 1986, at a time when he knew police were watching him.
He was arrested on Sunday, November 23, 1986, at his mother's home in north London, after the joint hunt by the four forces. He was 28. Dutch reports said police planned to confront him with a key witness, described as the only woman who had seen the attacker's face. Within days officers questioned a second man, described as a friend of the first suspect, and released him. Mulcahy was arrested three times in all during the original inquiry, but there was not enough evidence to charge him, and seven victims failed to pick him out at identity parades. Early DNA tests near the end of the Hart inquiry did not link him to the crimes.
On November 27, 1986, Duffy appeared before magistrates in Guildford, charged with the murder of Maartje Tamboezer and with sexual attacks on three other young women. Charges relating to the other killings followed.
Duffy's trial opened at the Old Bailey on January 12, 1988, before Mr Justice Farquharson. Duffy, then 30 and described as an unemployed carpenter, denied the charges. He ran a defense of amnesia. His former wife gave evidence about his violence and his boasting.
The prosecution case was built on the premise that Duffy had acted alone. The Guardian reported in 2001 that detectives knew that suggesting a second man had been present at the killings would make it harder to convict the one man they had charged.
On February 26, 1988, the jury convicted Duffy of the murders of Alison Day and Maartje Tamboezer and of five of the seven rapes charged, according to the Dutch papers De Telegraaf and Algemeen Dagblad, which reported the verdict the next day; the Guardian and the Irish Times in 2001 also gave five, the Irish Times and a later Guardian report adding a further sexual assault. He was acquitted of the murder of Anne Lock on the judge's direction.
The judge passed seven life sentences and recommended that Duffy serve at least 30 years. He described Duffy as "little more than a predatory animal" and, according to the Dutch correspondent in court, as a cunning and calculating killer who would stop at nothing, telling him he had caused the victims' families immeasurable suffering. Duffy showed no reaction.
Duffy served his sentence as a Category A prisoner. Some time after his trial he was told that the Home Secretary considered he should never be released, putting him among a small number of prisoners, including Ian Brady and Myra Hindley, who had been told this.
In November 1997, after a prison officer suggested he needed individual counseling, Duffy began seeing Jennie Cutler, head of forensic psychology at Whitemoor prison in Cambridgeshire. He had been having nightmares, including one about a girl running along a canal towpath. In the first session he mentioned that the "other kid's a friend." Cutler assumed he meant a co-defendant who had stood trial and asked which prison he was in. Duffy told her the man was still free.
Over the sessions that followed he recalled the offenses one by one, starting with the rape of two au pairs on Hampstead Heath, and named David Mulcahy. He eventually admitted to her 16 rapes and three murders and said there might be others he had forgotten. Her notes record mixed feelings about his friend: he worried that Mulcahy might still be offending and thought he should pay, but he was also concerned for Mulcahy's family, whom he had sworn to look after if Mulcahy were caught instead of him. The two men had promised to protect each other, and for a decade Duffy had kept his side.
Asked why he was talking now, he said: "I feel a lot of guilt and want to make a clean slate of it and own up. I am also worried I had a co-defendant who is still at large."
Police had already turned back to Mulcahy for a different reason. Between June 1996 and September 1998 a new series of sex attacks in Hampstead, near where Duffy used to live and Mulcahy still lived, was investigated as Operation Loudwater. It found similarities with the Hart crimes, and evidence from the earlier inquiry was retested with improved DNA techniques. No link emerged between the two series. Mulcahy, however, was arrested in connection with Loudwater and gave a DNA sample. It cleared him of the new attacks, but a detective asked for a speculative search against the national DNA database, and it matched traces found on clothing belonging to one of the Hart victims. At about the same time, police learned that Duffy was talking.
In December 1998 the Metropolitan Police launched Operation Marford, led by Detective Superintendent Andy Murphy. The Guardian called it the first cold-case inquiry into serial murder in Britain. The team debriefed Duffy and tried to corroborate every detail he gave; the Guardian reported that his account proved highly accurate. Officers set out to reinterview every surviving victim, many of whom had married, moved abroad or never told their partners. A fingerprint on a piece of masking tape used to gag one victim was matched to Mulcahy. The Crown Prosecution Service team read through 8,000 witness statements and found witness after witness who said that, contrary to Mulcahy's account, the two men were still close friends in the 1980s and often out together late on weekend nights, when the attacks happened.
Mulcahy was arrested and charged. In March 1999 the press reported that Duffy was due to give evidence against another man, who could not yet be named for legal reasons.
On March 24, 1999, Duffy, then 40, appeared at the Old Bailey and pleaded guilty to 17 offenses committed between 1975 and 1986 in Greater London and Hertfordshire: nine rapes, six conspiracies to rape and two burglaries with intent to rape. One of the rapes was that of Anne Lock. Because he had been acquitted of her murder in 1988, he could not be tried for it again under the double jeopardy rule then in force, but he could be charged with her rape, and he admitted it. He was remanded to Whitemoor to await sentence after psychiatric reports.
The Metropolitan Police announced the following day that it would review unsolved murders where advances in DNA or changing loyalties among suspects might now lead to convictions. The Railway case was the model.
Mulcahy's trial at the Old Bailey, before the Recorder of London, Judge Michael Hyam, lasted about five months, from the autumn of 2000 to February 2001. He was 41, a builder from Chalk Farm, and he denied 15 counts: the rape and murder of Alison Day, Maartje Tamboezer and Anne Lock, seven further rapes and five conspiracies to rape, between 1982 and 1986. Mark Dennis led for the prosecution.
The central difficulty was Duffy. He was a convicted rapist and murderer who for ten years had denied the crimes, and the defense was entitled to ask whether he was shifting blame in the hope of an earlier release. The prosecution therefore needed independent evidence that Mulcahy was the second man: the DNA match, the fingerprint on the tape, the evidence of the friendship, and the physical scenes themselves.
Duffy went into the witness box in early November 2000 and stayed there for 14 days. It was the first time a Category A prisoner had given evidence against a co-defendant. Asked whether he had had an accomplice, he answered: "It was David Mulcahy." Mulcahy shouted from the dock: "Why don't you just tell the truth?" Duffy described about a dozen rapes or attempted rapes the two had carried out, said they took turns and argued over who went first, and admitted there had been so many that he sometimes confused the details. He told the jury that on more than one occasion he had pretended to Mulcahy that there were witnesses or police nearby, because he feared Mulcahy "had more than rape on his mind." The prosecution's case was that Mulcahy was the dominant partner and the one who killed. "There is a lot of self-hate for what I have done," Duffy told the court. "I have raped and killed young ladies. I accept that. I am not trying to shift the blame. I did what I did."
On Friday, February 2, 2001, after five days of deliberation, the jury of six men and six women returned unanimous guilty verdicts on all 15 counts. Three of the women Mulcahy had attacked hugged each other in court. Judge Hyam called the murders "sadistic killings" and "acts of desolating wickedness," and told Mulcahy that of the two men, it was he who had taken gratification from killing. He passed three life sentences for the murders, 24 years for each of the seven rapes and 18 years for each of the five conspiracies. Mulcahy was later reported to have been ordered to serve at least 30 years. His wife said after the verdicts that he was innocent and that she would fight to prove it.
The Observer reported that the reinvestigation had taken 15 years from the original crimes to the verdict and had cost more than 2 million pounds.
On March 9, 2001, Judge Hyam sentenced Duffy, then 42, for the offenses he had admitted in 1999. The Guardian reported a further sentence of 12 years, which his counsel acknowledged was academic for a man already serving life. By then Duffy had admitted 25 sex crimes between 1975 and 1986, including three killings, and he apologized to all his victims.
The judge credited his decision to testify: "Your evidence, without doubt, formed the basis of the prosecution's case against him. Without your efforts it may be doubted whether the prosecution could have succeeded." His barrister, Christopher Campbell-Clyne, said Duffy saw the confessions as a small reparation, "but all that is in his power to do," and that as the only Category A prisoner to have given evidence against another in the same category he was "a pariah amongst pariahs." Detective Superintendent Murphy said that in some respects Duffy had come to terms with his offending and was seeking to make reparation.
Duffy was told by the Home Secretary in the 1990s that he should never be released. The Guardian reported in February 2001 that he had been told he would die in prison, and in March 2001 that he was one of 23 prisoners who could never hope for release. No later official statement, court ruling or news report on his status had been made public by October 2026, and no Parole Board decision on him has been published. As of March 10, 2001, he was serving life with no prospect of release.
Mulcahy was being held at HMP Full Sutton, a maximum-security prison near York, according to a 2014 report in the Sunday Post.
The families of the three women lived through two trials, 13 years apart. "They had buried their children and moved on," Murphy said in 2001. "We asked them to support a new investigation which opened old and painful wounds." Judge Hyam, before sentencing Mulcahy, said the attacks had destroyed "all things in life which we take for granted" for the women who survived them. A German woman attacked at Brent Cross in 1985 told police she had kept it secret from her husband and family for 15 years; she was too afraid of a breakdown to travel to London to testify.
The case was criticized as well as praised. A rape victim complained publicly in 2001 that she had to go to police four times before they took a statement, and the Guardian set out the mistakes of the 1980s inquiry: the lost photofit reports, the unconnected butterfly knife, and the decision to prosecute Duffy as a lone offender. Detectives answered that the science that convicted Mulcahy had not existed in 1988.
For David Canter, the case was the start of a second career. He moved from Surrey to the University of Liverpool, coined the term "investigative psychology," founded a postgraduate course in it and became the best-known academic in the field in Britain, later continuing the work at the University of Huddersfield. His 1994 book, Criminal Shadows, won the Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger for nonfiction. He has since argued that the idea of the lone "profiler" is misleading, that his graduates working with police are better called behavioral investigative advisers, and that the real value of the discipline lies in mapping the patterns of everyday crime. He has also said the claim that an offender's personality can be read from the nature of a crime has not held up.
The case became an early example in Britain of what a reopened inquiry could achieve with improved DNA testing, and it was the subject of a Channel 4 documentary that followed the Crown Prosecution Service through the Mulcahy prosecution, and it has been revisited in later television documentaries.
What is legally established: Duffy's convictions for the murders of Alison Day and Maartje Tamboezer and for rapes (1988); his acquittal of the murder of Anne Lock (1988); his guilty pleas to 17 further offenses, including the rape of Anne Lock (1999); and Mulcahy's conviction for all three murders, seven rapes and five conspiracies to rape (2001). Duffy has admitted taking part in Anne Lock's killing, but he has not been convicted of her murder and, under the law as it stood, could not be retried for it.
Duffy's credibility. Duffy claimed amnesia at his 1988 trial and for nearly ten years afterward, then said his memory returned in counseling in 1997. His motives for confessing were questioned at the time. The Guardian noted that, although he had been told he would never be released, a confession might eventually help him toward a review of his Category A status. Some observers believed he had become infatuated with the psychologist he confided in. The prosecution in 2001 did not rely on his word alone, and the jury had DNA and fingerprint evidence against Mulcahy. Mulcahy and his wife maintained his innocence.
Who did what. The roles of the two men in each killing come almost entirely from Duffy's account, as presented by the prosecution in 2001: that Mulcahy was the more dominant and violent partner and the one who killed. The 1988 trial was run on the basis that Duffy acted alone. The jury's verdicts in 2001 established that Mulcahy took part in all three murders; they do not settle every detail of Duffy's description.
The number of offenses. Operation Hart examined 68 offenses it thought might be linked. In 1986 police said they believed one man was responsible for at least 27 rapes; one later account says up to 30. Duffy told Jennie Cutler of 16 rapes and three murders; the Mulcahy prosecution put to him 25 offenses between 1975 and 1986, including 22 attacks on women. In March 2001 police said 18 more women had come forward since the verdicts and that their cases would be investigated, and they planned to work with the national crime faculty and Operation Enigma, a review of about 100 unsolved violent crimes. Police also said they would question Mulcahy about at least five other rapes, and at least one woman alleged that Mulcahy had attacked her alone in 1983. Police said there was no evidence that Mulcahy offended alone after Duffy was jailed; Canter thought it likely. No further charges against either man were reported.
Details that vary between sources. Duffy's year of birth (ages reported between 1986 and 2001 point to 1958 or 1959); the name of the joint murder inquiry (Operation Hart for the rapes; Operation Trinity in one account of Canter's work); the length and structure of Duffy's 2001 sentence; whether Maartje Tamboezer was heading to a shop or riding home from a friend's; whether her home was West Horsley or East Horsley; and the exact number of rapes he admitted in 1999 (nine in the Guardian's plea report).
About 1958 or 1959: John Francis Duffy is born; he grows up in north London.
September 1970: Duffy and David Mulcahy meet on their first day at Haverstock secondary school, Chalk Farm, both aged 11.
1975: both leave school without qualifications; Duffy goes to work for British Rail.
1976: both are convicted of assault after firing an airgun at passersby from a pub balcony; about this time they make two failed attempts to attack women.
1980: Duffy marries.
October 1982: the first rape the two men later admitted, near Kilburn High Road.
1982 to 1985: repeated rapes and attempted rapes in north London and beyond; Operation Hart investigates.
January 1985: rape of an au pair at Brent Cross.
July 1985: Duffy attacks his wife; he and Mulcahy are arrested and released.
December 29, 1985: Alison Day, 19, is abducted near Hackney Wick station and killed.
April 17, 1986: Maartje Tamboezer, 15, is abducted from her bicycle in West Horsley, Surrey, and killed; she is found the next morning.
May 1986: Anne Lock, 29, disappears after leaving the train at Brookmans Park, Hertfordshire; she is found in July.
1986: police link the killings; David Canter draws up an offender profile.
October 1986: Duffy commits a further rape while under police observation.
November 23, 1986: Duffy is arrested at his mother's home; Mulcahy is questioned and released.
November 27, 1986: Duffy is charged at Guildford with the murder of Maartje Tamboezer.
January 12, 1988: Duffy's trial opens at the Old Bailey.
February 26, 1988: convicted of the murders of Alison Day and Maartje Tamboezer and of rapes; acquitted of the murder of Anne Lock; seven life sentences, recommended minimum 30 years.
1990s: the Home Secretary tells Duffy he should never be released.
June 1996 to September 1998: Operation Loudwater investigates new attacks in Hampstead; Mulcahy's DNA is matched to a Hart victim's clothing.
November 1997: Duffy begins counseling with Jennie Cutler at Whitemoor and names Mulcahy.
December 1998: Operation Marford begins.
Early 1999: Mulcahy is arrested and charged.
March 24, 1999: Duffy pleads guilty at the Old Bailey to 17 offenses, including the rape of Anne Lock.
Autumn 2000: Mulcahy's trial begins; in November Duffy begins 14 days of evidence.
February 2, 2001: Mulcahy is convicted on all 15 counts and given three life sentences.
March 9, 2001: Duffy is sentenced for the offenses admitted in 1999.
March 2001: police say 18 more women have come forward.
2014: Mulcahy is reported to be held at HMP Full Sutton.
October 16, 2026: no later report on Duffy's status found.