Families who lose someone to a serial offender are given a trial, if there is one, and a verdict. Many then want something a verdict does not give them: an answer to the question of why nobody stopped it, or why nobody listened to them. They asked for fresh inquests, for public inquiries, for reviews of the officers who handled their cases. The cases that follow show what families asked for, often in their own words, what they got, and how long it took. In some of them the families' campaign can be followed step by step. In others, far less is known about the campaign than about its result.
Stephen Port killed four young men in Barking, east London, between June 2014 and September 2015. Anthony Walgate was 23, Gabriel Kovari 22, Daniel Whitworth 21 and Jack Taylor 25. For more than a year the Metropolitan Police treated the deaths as separate, non-suspicious cases. Port was arrested in October 2015, and in November 2016 an Old Bailey jury convicted him of all four murders and of 18 further offenses against other men. Mr. Justice Openshaw gave him a whole life order on November 25, 2016.
The families' fight began after the verdicts. In 2017 the High Court dealt with the original inquest in a case titled HM Senior Coroner for the Eastern Area of Greater London v Whitworth (Family of). The court recorded that information from a person using the false name "Jon Luck" had reached the original inquest; the person was Port. In 2018 the Chief Coroner appointed a judge to lead new inquests, the Barking and Dagenham Post reported. They were held at Barking Town Hall in the fall of 2021, before a jury.
What the families told the jury is the heart of the case. Anthony Walgate grew up in Hull, in Yorkshire, and moved to London to study fashion. His mother, Sarah Sak, remembered a shy and reserved boy who grew in confidence in London; they spoke several times a week. "The longer Anthony was in London, I could see a cygnet becoming a swan," she told the inquests. She had told the police she believed her son had been murdered, and was told it was "probably drugs." A friend of his raised concerns again and again. Two friends told the inquests they believed the police assumed an overdose because of who he was; the senior detective denied that officers had written him off.
The evidence on Walgate’s case was the most closely examined. One officer concluded there was nothing to suggest an assault. Officers ran a check on Walgate on the Police National Database but not on Port; that check would have shown a 2012 allegation against him and a British Transport Police record from June 2014. The Crown Prosecution Service was not told that Port was a suspected sex offender when it ruled out a homicide charge. Requests by borough officers for the Met’s specialist murder teams to take over were turned down. Port’s laptop was seized but not sent for forensic analysis for about 10 months; when the material came back, in June 2015, the officer who reviewed it reported only selfies, videos and messages, and did not identify the internet searches that were there. "It was there on his laptop and we should have got it," the senior detective, Detective Sergeant Martin O’Donnell, told the inquests. He called his failure to log the 2012 allegation "a terrible mistake." The officer who handled the laptop, Detective Constable David Parish, said he had spent seven and a half years wishing he had acted differently.
Gabriel Kovari’s family learned of his death late. Police did not tell them, the family liaison officer never contacted them, and the officer recorded him as Lithuanian. A friend of Kovari’s, who had grown close to him that summer, and another friend gave police information that could have led to Port, and both were repeatedly ignored, a summary of the inquest evidence concluded. The death was classed as non-suspicious within five hours, the coroner later noted, so no forensic post-mortem examination was carried out.
Daniel Whitworth grew up in Gravesend, in Kent. He was a chef who had been offered a new job at a spa resort in Sevenoaks, liked animals and loved hosting family dinners. His grandmother remembered a mischievous child who became a caring and ambitious young man. He had been with his partner, Ricky Waumsley, for four years. "He was literally my world," Waumsley told the inquests. The police accepted a note attributed to Whitworth as written by him. The pathologist had recommended DNA testing of an item; neither it nor other items were sent for forensic tests, although they carried Port’s DNA or fingerprints. Whitworth’s father told the inquests he was shown only a section of the note at first and never confirmed it was his son’s handwriting: "I definitely did not say it was." Daniel was left-handed, and his father had assumed an expert would examine the note. Waumsley was not allowed to see it until the first inquest in 2015, a year after the death. He said he and Daniel were pushed aside as an unmarried couple. When Whitworth’s stepmother asked officers what the drug was, they told her to ask Waumsley.
On December 10, 2021, the jury concluded that all four men had been unlawfully killed and that failings in the police investigation probably contributed to the deaths of the last three, Kovari, Whitworth and Taylor. The Met apologized, the Barking and Dagenham Post reported, and City AM reported calls for Cressida Dick, then the Met’s commissioner, to resign. The coroner’s report of January 2022 identified what the Press Association called basic investigative failings. A Press Association report of November 5, 2021 recorded evidence given to the inquests under the headline "'Homophobia in the Met' meant Stephen Port evidence was dismissed"; a report of December 2, 2021 said the issue of homophobia had been ruled out of the inquests. In August 2022 the Met settled civil claims with the families of three of the victims. The Independent Office for Police Conduct, which had investigated in 2017, reopened its inquiry, and on November 16, 2023 it told eight current and former officers they were under investigation for possible gross misconduct. The families, through their solicitors, said that investigation had to be "full and fearless" and have "complete cooperation." In February 2022 ITV News London carried a warning from the mother of the first victim that history could repeat.
Eddie Lee Mosley was never convicted of killing anyone. He was charged with murder in 1987, ruled incompetent to stand trial and committed to a state psychiatric hospital, where he remained until his death in 2020. DNA testing in 2000 and 2001 linked him to killings of Black women and girls in northwest Fort Lauderdale for which two other men had been sent to prison. One of them, Jerry Frank Townsend, served about 22 years before he was freed. The other, Frank Lee Smith, died of cancer on death row eleven months before the test that cleared him. None of these deaths was tried against Mosley.
In July 2012, relatives of three of the women called on Broward State Attorney Michael Satz to investigate the detectives whose testimony had convicted Townsend, Florida Bulldog reported. They were Arnette Tukes’s mother, Geraldine Barfield’s daughter and brother, and Emma Cook’s daughter and granddaughter. Tukes was 20 and had a son who was three when she died; years later he named his own daughter Arnette in her honor. "My daughter would still be alive if they hadn’t arrested the wrong man," her mother told the Bulldog. Barfield’s daughter said, "I want this reopened." An assistant state attorney told the paper that prosecutors had reviewed the Townsend case before the DNA tests and concluded there was insufficient evidence of perjury. Broward’s public defender, Howard Finkelstein, called the case "the best example" of police crimes going unpunished in the county.
Doug Evans, who had pressed for an investigation of the police conduct, died in January 2011, disappointed that it had never been carried out; a former colleague said he "always pushed for an investigation." The family campaign did not produce the inquiry it sought. The changes that followed came later: the Broward Sheriff’s Office changed its policy in 2003 to require full audio or video recording of interviews with arrested people and most victims and witnesses, and in 2019 the State Attorney’s Office created a Conviction Review Unit. In 2015 the Bulldog was still reporting on police frame-ups that Satz would not investigate, and in June 2020 on renewed interest in what it described as the county’s worst miscarriage of justice.
Robert Pickton, a pig farmer from Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, was convicted in December 2007 of the second-degree murders of six women from Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside: Sereena Abotsway, Mona Wilson, Andrea Joesbury, Brenda Ann Wolfe, Georgina Faith Papin and Marnie Frey. He was sentenced to life with no chance of parole for 25 years. In August 2010 the Crown stayed 20 further counts of first-degree murder. He died in May 2024 after an assault by another inmate in a Quebec prison.
Within the Vancouver department, the geographic profiler Kim Rossmo had concluded that a serial killer was responsible. His analysis was set aside, the CBC reported in 2010. The RCMP and Vancouver police joint task force, Project Evenhanded, was formed in 2001.
What the families got, in the end, was an inquiry and a series of apologies. Doug LePard, a Vancouver deputy chief, reviewed his own department’s handling of the case. His report, about 400 pages long and based on more than 20,000 police documents, was released in August 2010. It concluded that police received information pointing to Pickton in 1998 and 1999 that should have led to a more vigorous investigation of him. LePard put most of the blame for delays on the RCMP but said Vancouver’s senior officers had also failed to press the RCMP to act, and that the missing women’s files lacked resources, training and leadership. He said the delays likely cost the lives of more than a dozen women. In January 2000 two Coquitlam RCMP constables interviewed Pickton; LePard testified that there did not appear to be an interview strategy at all. The RCMP apologized to Pickton’s victims in January 2012, and the Vancouver police apologized in December 2012.
The Missing Women Commission of Inquiry, led by Wally Oppal, reported in November 2012 under the title Forsaken. It called the police investigations a "blatant failure." It described the Downtown Eastside as a community with serious poverty, addiction and violence, and said the women had been valued members of it who were treated as "nobodies," a word the commission chose on purpose. Aboriginal women made up about 3 percent of the province’s female population but about a third of the missing and murdered women the inquiry examined. The commission also looked at the 1998 stay of the attempted-murder charge against Pickton and identified "serious limitations on the initial investigation" by the Coquitlam RCMP, though its mandate on the stay was limited to neutral findings of fact.
A memorial service for Georgina Faith Papin was held in Edmonton in August 2010.
Families remained in court after the inquiry. In March 2014, a joint compensation framework announced by Canada, British Columbia and Vancouver gave the victims' children 4.9 million dollars, CP24 reported.
Bruce McArthur pleaded guilty in a Toronto courtroom on January 29, 2019, to the first-degree murders of eight men: Skandaraj Navaratnam, Abdulbasir Faizi, Majeed Kayhan, Soroush Mahmudi, Kirushna Kumar Kanagaratnam, Dean Lisowick, Selim Esen and Andrew Kinsman. He was sentenced on February 8, 2019, to life with no parole eligibility for 25 years. Most of the men had ties to the Church and Wellesley Village, and six were immigrants or refugees from South Asia or the Middle East.
For years, people in the Village said they believed someone was preying on men from the neighborhood. Toronto police formed a task force, Project Houston, in November 2012 to look into three of the cases. They interviewed McArthur as a witness in November 2013, closed the task force in 2014, and in 2016 released him without charge after a man made a complaint against him. He was caught only after Andrew Kinsman’s death in June 2017, when the word "Bruce" on a calendar and video led a second task force to him.
The families' words came at the sentencing. Navaratnam’s brother said the family had lost Skanda’s support, and that their mother, who was ill, still did not know the truth. Officers at the time suggested to Faizi’s family that he had left them, and his wife, believing he had abandoned them, later divorced him, Global News reported. In her victim impact statement she said his death had left her emotionally and physically unable to manage daily life. Mahmudi’s wife, whose statement was read by an assistant Crown attorney while she sat in the gallery, said she had fainted when she learned he had been murdered and now depended on social assistance and food banks. Kanagaratnam’s sister said the world had "become so terribly cruel." He was never reported to the police by his family, who feared deportation, the Epstein review concluded. Kayhan’s brother told the court the family had "agonized" since 2012.
An independent civilian review, led by the retired judge Gloria Epstein, was the public answer. In January 2019, CTV reported that the presiding justice looked to have the review of missing-person investigations expanded to include the McArthur case. The review, Missing and Missed, was transmitted to the Toronto Police Services Board on April 9, 2021. It reported serious flaws in police handling of the cases and that systemic discrimination had played a part, Global News and Xtra reported on April 13, 2021, and it concluded that the civilian police board did not know of Project Houston while it was active. CP24 reported that a Toronto police officer who arrested and released McArthur in 2016 was cleared of disciplinary charges in August 2021.
Ivan Milat was convicted in 1996 of murdering seven young travelers between December 1989 and April 1992, and of detaining a British backpacker in 1990. He never admitted any of the killings and died of cancer in the prison hospital at Long Bay on October 27, 2019, aged 74. Since then the families of other people have kept asking whether he was responsible for deaths he was never charged with.
The first fight was in Newcastle. At an inquest at Toronto, New South Wales, in 2001, the State Coroner, John Abernethy, ruled that three young women, Leanne Goodall, Robyn Hickie and Amanda Robinson, had been murdered by persons unknown. He named Milat as one of six persons of interest and said he had "definite links to the Hunter Region" in the late 1970s. Milat gave evidence, denied knowing the young women and then declined to answer further questions. In a letter sent later to the families through the Newcastle Legal Centre, after he agreed to answer written questions, he wrote that he "still would not have been able to assist you." The letter, first published by the Newcastle Herald in 2009, also blamed the families for not taking more care and criticized the police. Amanda Robinson’s mother, Anne Robinson, told the paper: "I just don’t want it to be him." In April 2019, Lake Macquarie detectives set up Strike Force Arapaima to re-examine the Hickie and Robinson cases, and two rewards of one million dollars each were offered.
The second came after his death. Caroline Clarke’s father, Ian, spoke to AAP in October 2019: "We still think of Caroline every day, but it doesn’t mean to say we have to think of Milat every day." He hoped for a confession, and said of other families: "It’s these other parents who don’t have the luxury." In March 2025 the New South Wales Legislative Council ordered the government to produce papers relating to Milat; in 2025 the government released a list of 58 cases that Task Force Air had reviewed in 1993 for any link. A parliamentary inquiry into whether Milat had more victims began in June 2026. At its hearings the family of a Canberra woman who died in 1971 said that police could have linked their relative’s death to Milat when he was arrested in a separate matter near Goulburn; that is the family’s claim, and no court has ruled on it. The Goulburn Post reported on June 12, 2026 that families detailed police failures in cold cases. No new charge had been reported by then.
Levi Bellfield is serving two whole life orders, the most severe sentence an English court can impose. In February 2008 an Old Bailey jury convicted him of murdering Marsha McDonnell, 19, and Amelie Delagrange, 22, and of attempting to murder Kate Sheedy, 18, who survived. In June 2011 a second jury convicted him of kidnapping and murdering Milly Dowler, 13, in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, in March 2002.
In the years after Milly Dowler’s death, Surrey Police checked 54 people as possible suspects, among them her father, who was cleared; the force later apologized to the family for missed opportunities in the investigation. When Bellfield was convicted in 2011, Marsha’s uncle, Shane McDonnell, called for an inquiry into why Bellfield had not been arrested for Milly’s murder sooner, arguing that basic procedures needed to be checked.
At the 2011 trial the defense put the family’s private life before the court. Within weeks of the verdict it was widely reported that the News of the World had hacked Milly’s mobile phone, and messages from her family were intercepted, some deleted, which gave her parents false hope that she was alive. The Metropolitan Police inquiry into phone hacking, Operation Weeting, identified evidence that her phone may have been hacked by a journalist from the paper in 2002. The revelations caused public outrage and contributed to the closure of the paper. The Dowler family later received 2 million pounds from News International and a further 1 million pounds from Rupert Murdoch, which they gave to six charities, ITV News reported.
The families of Bellfield’s other victims were heard at sentencing in 2008. Amelie Delagrange’s father wrote, in French, that she would always stay alive in his heart and called her "my little darling Lili." Her mother wrote that she must now live without her, and her sister wrote that Amelie had gained the happiness she was looking for in the area, and that someone had taken it from her. After the verdicts, her mother, Dominique Delagrange, said Bellfield had shown an unbelievable level of arrogance. Mrs. Justice Rafferty told him: "You have reduced three families to unimagined grief."
Beverley Allitt was an enrolled nurse aged 22 when she was convicted in May 1993 at Nottingham Crown Court of four murders, three attempted murders and six counts of causing grievous bodily harm with intent, against 13 children on Ward 4, the children’s ward of Grantham and Kesteven General Hospital, in the spring of 1991. Four of the children died: Liam Taylor, Timothy Hardwick, Becky Phillips and Claire Peck were named in reporting of the convictions. On May 28, 1993, Mr. Justice Latham gave her 13 life sentences, one for each child.
The Health Secretary, Virginia Bottomley, ordered an independent inquiry under Sir Cecil Clothier, and its report, laid before Parliament on February 11, 1994, concluded that a laboratory result that was the first clear evidence of foul play reached the ward on April 12, 1991, while the police were not called until April 30. The BMJ summarized the response in that interval as "feeble and indecisive." The inquiry criticized the two consultants for their "failure to grasp sooner than they did the significance of the cascade of collapses with which they had to deal," and criticized the Queen’s Medical Centre in Nottingham, which received seven of the children and did not recognize that a malicious cause was possible. It concluded that those managing Ward 4 showed "a general lack in the qualities of leadership, energy and drive," Mrs. Bottomley told the House. "The principal failure of those concerned lay in not collecting together those pieces of evidence," the report said.
The inquiry treated Liam Taylor’s death as a moment when the sequence might have been stopped. Dr. Charith Nanayakkara tried to arrange for a pediatric pathologist to examine him after his death. That was blocked by the coroner’s officer and by the locum pathologist, according to the BMJ’s report of the inquiry’s findings, and the report suggested that a specialist examination might have "brought to a halt" what followed. One recommendation was that a pediatric pathologist should be involved whenever a child dies unexpectedly or for no clear reason.
Less is known of what the families themselves asked for. Stuart Clifton, the detective superintendent who led the police inquiry, told VICE in 2019 that many of the parents believed the hospital had saved their children’s lives, and at first did not want the police involved: "There was a suspicion of the police coming in and putting their size tens when they weren’t wanted." The twins' mother told the trial that Allitt had seemed competent and in control, that she had trusted her, and that the family had asked Allitt to be the surviving twin’s godmother in thanks for her care. Decades later families were still speaking. Her minimum term of 30 years expired in November 2021, and in August 2021 the Grantham Journal carried two stories: one family said she "must never be set free," and a survivor feared she might return for her. She was held at Rampton, a high-security psychiatric hospital, and in 2023 she asked a mental health panel to move her to a prison.
The inquiry’s main lesson was that everyone caring for children should keep in mind the possibility of deliberate harm. In 2024 the Thirlwall Inquiry went back to the Clothier report and asked what had become of it; Baroness Bottomley gave a witness statement to Thirlwall in July 2024, and the Thirlwall legal team compiled a table of the earlier inquiries' recommendations and whether they were implemented.
Harold Shipman was a family doctor in Hyde, Greater Manchester. On January 31, 2000, a jury at Preston Crown Court convicted him of murdering 15 of his patients and of forging the will of the last of them, Kathleen Grundy. The judge, Mr. Justice Forbes, passed 15 life sentences and told him: "In your case, life must mean life. You must spend the remainder of your days in prison." Within days Alan Milburn set up an inquiry, the BMJ reported on February 12, 2000. It was chaired by the High Court judge Dame Janet Smith.
The inquiry reported in July 2002 that he had killed at least 215 patients. In January 2005 the final report went further: "My overall conclusion, therefore, is that Shipman killed about 250 patients between 1971 and 1998, of whom I have been able positively to identify 218." Those figures are findings of an inquiry, not convictions. Shipman never admitted a single killing. He died by suicide in his cell at Wakefield prison on January 13, 2004, the day before his 58th birthday.
The inquiry examined his first practice in Todmorden, where it concluded that Eva Lyons, 70, was murdered in March 1975, and the years at Hyde. The Chief Medical Officer’s audit concluded that the excess of deaths among his patients was evident from his first years in practice. The Government published its action program in response to the inquiry’s recommendations in February 2007, and the Westminster Hall debate of June 21, 2007 followed.
Lucy Letby was a neonatal nurse at the Countess of Chester Hospital. In August 2023 a jury at Manchester Crown Court convicted her of murdering seven babies and attempting to murder six others in the hospital’s neonatal unit between June 2015 and June 2016; a second jury convicted her in July 2024 of the attempted murder of another baby girl. She is serving 15 whole life orders. She has always denied harming any baby. The Court of Appeal refused her permission to appeal in May 2024 and again in October 2024, and the Criminal Cases Review Commission confirmed in February 2026 that a review of her convictions is under way.
The parents themselves cannot be named. Under court orders made between 2021 and 2023, the babies, their surviving brothers and sisters and the parents of the babies who died may not be identified; the children are known only by letter. The families' victim personal statements were read to the court at sentencing, and their names cannot be published. The Thirlwall Inquiry concluded that the parents learned only in 2018 that a nurse’s actions might have caused the collapses and deaths.
An inquest into Child A’s death was held in October 2016, before the police were called. It returned a narrative conclusion: the cause of his collapse and death could not be determined, nor whether it was natural or unnatural. The Press Association reported that the consultants' concerns about Letby, which had by then led to her removal from clinical duties, were not mentioned at that inquest.
The statutory public inquiry led by Lady Justice Thirlwall published its report on September 15, 2026, under the headline conclusion of a "profound failure of management, governance and safeguarding." It concluded that senior nurses "never accepted" that the consultants' concerns were, or might be, justified; that the consultants who had raised concerns were themselves investigated during a grievance that Letby brought, and three of them were told to apologize to her; and that plans were drawn up to return her to the neonatal unit and later abandoned. A review by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health did not address whether babies were being deliberately harmed; the college accepted at the inquiry that its review could not answer the doctors' concerns and should never have been undertaken. The inquiry made 14 recommendations, ITV News Granada reported, including baby monitors and CCTV cameras. It did not reexamine the convictions.
Inquests were still to come. The Press Association reported in February 2026 that inquests into the deaths of five babies were to open, and in May 2026 that inquests into the deaths of six babies had been delayed to the following year. In January 2026 the Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge her over further babies at the Countess of Chester and Liverpool Women’s Hospital; that decision was upheld on review in August 2026.
The last case is the smallest of the ten, and it shows what an inquest can do. Peter Tobin was convicted of three murders in three years, in 2007, 2008 and 2009, and died in custody in October 2022. Police tracing his past reviewed unsolved cases across Britain in Operation Anagram. One of the cases they considered was the death of Jessie Earl, in 1980. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Earl, took the East Sussex coroner and the Chief Constable of Sussex to the High Court in a case reported as Earl and Earl v HM Senior Coroner for East Sussex and Chief Constable of Sussex, [2021] EWHC 3468 (Admin). In May 2022 an inquest opened, and it ruled that she was murdered by an unknown third party. DNA testing did not match Tobin, the Edinburgh Evening News reported. Her parents called the ruling "justice," the Press Association reported.
These campaigns almost never ended in the inquiry the family first asked for. Port’s families got fresh inquests, a jury verdict that failings probably contributed to three deaths, an apology, civil settlements and a conduct investigation, and they got them five years after the trial. Pickton’s families got a commission of inquiry and the apologies of two police forces. In Fort Lauderdale the relatives who asked for an investigation of their own detectives were told prosecutors had concluded there was insufficient evidence of perjury, and the change that followed was a recording policy and a review unit. The families in Toronto got a civilian review. The Newcastle families got an inquest, a letter from Milat saying he could not help, and a reward. In Grantham the inquiry came because a jury had already convicted, and the parents had at first not wanted the police involved. At Chester the families got an inquiry and are still waiting for inquests.
What they said, across all of it, is plain. A mother was told it was "probably drugs." A father said he "definitely did not say it was." A daughter said, "I want this reopened." A mother said, "I just don’t want it to be him." An uncle asked why it had taken so long. No family in these cases is reported to have received the whole of what it asked for.
• May 28, 1993: Beverley Allitt sentenced to 13 life sentences at Nottingham Crown Court.
• February 11, 1994: Clothier report laid before Parliament.
• January 31, 2000: Harold Shipman convicted of 15 murders; an inquiry led by Dame Janet Smith follows.
• 2000 and 2001: DNA testing links Eddie Lee Mosley to killings for which two other men had been convicted.
• 2001: inquest at Toronto, New South Wales; State Coroner John Abernethy rules three young women were murdered by persons unknown.
• July 2002: Shipman Inquiry reports at least 215 patients killed.
• January 13, 2004: Shipman dies.
• December 2007: Robert Pickton convicted of six murders.
• February 2008: Levi Bellfield convicted of two murders and an attempted murder.
• August 2010: LePard review of the Vancouver police response released.
• June 2011: Bellfield convicted of the murder of Milly Dowler.
• July 2012: relatives of three women ask Broward State Attorney Michael Satz to investigate detectives.
• November 2012: Missing Women Commission of Inquiry reports (Forsaken).
• March 2014: joint compensation framework gives Pickton victims' children 4.9 million dollars.
• November 23 to 25, 2016: Stephen Port convicted and given a whole life order.
• 2017: High Court decision in the Whitworth family case; 2018, Chief Coroner appoints a judge to lead new inquests.
• January 29 and February 8, 2019: Bruce McArthur pleads guilty and is sentenced.
• October 27, 2019: Ivan Milat dies.
• April 9, 2021: Epstein review, Missing and Missed, transmitted to the Toronto Police Services Board.
• December 10, 2021: Barking inquests conclude.
• May 2022: inquest into Jessie Earl’s death opens.
• August 2022: Metropolitan Police settle civil claims with the families of three Port victims.
• November 16, 2023: IOPC tells eight officers they face gross misconduct investigations.
• February 2026: the Criminal Cases Review Commission confirms a review of Lucy Letby’s convictions.
• June 2026: New South Wales parliamentary inquiry begins hearing families.
• September 15, 2026: Thirlwall Inquiry report published.