Allan Legere was convicted of five murders in New Brunswick. The first was the killing of John Glendenning, a storekeeper at Black River Bridge, during a robbery in June 1986. A jury found Legere guilty of second-degree murder in January 1987, and he was sent to the Atlantic Institution, the maximum-security penitentiary at Renous, to serve a life sentence. On May 3, 1989, guards took him to a hospital in Moncton for treatment of an ear infection, and he escaped from them.
He was at large for about seven months. In that time Annie Flam, a 75-year-old storekeeper in Chatham, the sisters Donna and Linda Daughney in Newcastle, and Father James Smith, a 69-year-old Roman Catholic priest in Chatham Head, were killed. A fifth woman was attacked and survived. The search that followed was described by the University of New Brunswick's law library archive as one of the largest manhunts in RCMP history, and it ended on November 24, 1989, after Legere hijacked a taxi, a car and a tractor-trailer in a single night.
In November 1991 a jury at Burton, near Fredericton, convicted him of four counts of first-degree murder. The case was among the first in Canada in which DNA evidence was central to a murder conviction, and the New Brunswick Court of Appeal upheld the use of that evidence in 1994. Legere spent the rest of his life in maximum-security prisons in Quebec and Alberta. He was refused parole in 2021 and again in 2025, and he died in custody at Edmonton Institution on March 9, 2026, at the age of 78.
Little reliable detail about Legere's early life has been published. The New Brunswick Court of Appeal noted in 1994 that he had lived in the Miramichi area since birth. The Canadian Encyclopedia describes him at 38, the age he was in 1987, as a mechanic and petty criminal. The Canadian Press reported in 2025, summarizing a Parole Board of Canada decision, that he was on mandatory release from an earlier prison sentence when the Glendenning killing took place in June 1986. In that decision the board said that all of his crimes were committed either while he was on mandatory release or after he had escaped from custody.
John Glendenning was 66. He and his wife ran a small store next to their house at Black River Bridge, in Northumberland County, and they kept money in a safe in the home.
On June 21, 1986, three men broke into the house to steal that safe. According to the Court of Appeal's 1988 summary, the couple were assaulted and robbed. John Glendenning died of his injuries. His wife was badly hurt and survived. The two other men were Todd Matchett and Scott Curtis; Curtis was 19 at the time. A fourth person had taken part in the planning but withdrew before the break-in.
The RCMP arrested Legere on June 24, 1986. Matchett and Curtis pleaded guilty to second-degree murder. Legere pleaded not guilty and went to trial.
His trial was set to begin on December 30, 1986, in Moncton. The Crown's case was that Legere was the "third man" at the Glendenning house: that he knew about the money, planned the break-in with the others, took the wife upstairs to try to open the safe, directed the removal of the safe, and aided the two younger men in causing the bodily harm that led to John Glendenning's death. Evidence included an oral statement Legere made on January 2, 1987, to an RCMP sergeant at a meeting Legere himself had asked for, and hair samples taken from him in June and July 1986.
On January 22, 1987, the jury found him guilty of second-degree murder. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with no eligibility for parole for 18 years.
He appealed. On August 5, 1988, the New Brunswick Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal from conviction and refused leave to appeal the sentence. The court found that the police had infringed his Charter rights when they took the 1986 hair samples, the first without consent and the second under a search warrant that could not authorize it. It declined to exclude the evidence, because the officers had acted on Crown advice and on the case law of the time, and because the hair evidence was important to identification. The court also held that the conviction did not rest on a branch of the constructive-murder law that the Supreme Court of Canada had struck down in 1987. The Supreme Court of Canada refused Legere leave to appeal on October 12, 1989, while he was at large.
The 1988 judgment also records that Legere was stabbed by a co-accused at a preliminary hearing. CBC News later reported that Curtis had been involved in stabbing Legere and that, for technical reasons, no criminal charges arose.
Legere began his life sentence at the Atlantic Institution in Renous. A Parole Board of Canada decision released in January 2021 said he had tried to escape twice in 1987. The Canadian Encyclopedia reports that during his murder trial he had picked open his handcuffs in a failed escape attempt, and that prison administrators were never told of it. The same account quotes the Renous warden, Don Wheaton, describing a "Jekyll-and-Hyde personality" that Legere kept hidden while in the institution.
On the morning of May 3, 1989, unarmed guards from the Atlantic Institution escorted Legere to the Dr. Georges L. Dumont Hospital in Moncton for treatment of an ear infection. At about 10:40 a.m., in a hospital washroom, he freed himself from his handcuffs and leg shackles and left them in the sink. A chronology in the University of New Brunswick archive says he had concealed tools to open the locks; the Parole Board's December 2025 decision, as reported by CTV News, says he used a handcuff key he had made in prison. He came out with a weapon. Officers sprayed him with mace, but he got away.
In the parking lot he seized a woman and drove off in her car. He released her later, unhurt. In August 1990 a jury in Moncton convicted him of escape and of kidnapping her, and he was sentenced to nine years, to run at the same time as his life sentence.
The Correctional Service of Canada convened a board of investigation into the escape and issued its report in 1989.
Legere had grown up on the Miramichi, and police believed he went back there. A chronology prepared for the university archive records a robbery of a man on May 7, a reported prowler on May 10, and sightings by local residents in mid-May. On June 1 a homeowner chased a man away from his garage. The next day a pair of smoke-gray men's glasses was found near a construction site close to where the chase had ended. An RCMP constable took them to an optometrist, who matched them to Legere's prescription, and police said they were the type he had been wearing when he escaped.
In mid-June Crime Stoppers offered a $2,000 reward for information leading to his arrest. Over the summer police received about 50 reported sightings, some from as far away as Fredericton and Toronto, but they believed he had stayed in the Miramichi area, living rough in the woods and stealing food.
Annie Flam was 75. She ran a small grocery store in Chatham and lived in the house above it with a relative.
In the early hours of May 28, 1989, 25 days after the escape, a passerby saw smoke coming from the building. Two town police officers forced their way in and carried out the second woman, who survived. Annie Flam died. The fire had been set after the attack. The RCMP took over the investigation from the Chatham town police.
Frank McKenna, who was premier of New Brunswick during the manhunt and had earlier worked as a defence lawyer, told CTV News in 2026 that he had known the victims personally, had represented the Flam family, and had visited the surviving woman in hospital after the attack.
Police collected biological evidence at the scene. At the time no Canadian laboratory was yet doing DNA casework, and early attempts to compare the evidence with older material connected to Legere failed. Two brothers who had escaped from Dorchester Penitentiary on May 22 were questioned about the Flam killing and cleared.
On the night of September 30, a man in Newcastle was shot during an attempted robbery, and on another night around the same time a couple were attacked at home. Both houses were near the Newcastle police station. Neither attack was Legere's doing: on November 15 police arrested and charged a Newcastle man with those attacks, and The Canadian Encyclopedia records that another man proved to be responsible for them.
On October 13 the RCMP learned that DNA testing in the case could begin that fall.
Donna Daughney was 45 and her sister Linda was 41. They lived together in a house in Newcastle.
The Court of Appeal found that they were killed on October 13, 1989, and that their house was set on fire the next morning. At 7:35 a.m. on October 14 a volunteer firefighter saw smoke and responded. Firefighters and bystanders brought the sisters out, and they were pronounced dead at 8:10 a.m. An RCMP constable who had worked on the Flam case noted how closely the two scenes resembled each other.
Two days later the RCMP released a composite sketch of a man seen in the area. The wife of a Crown prosecutor received a threatening telephone call. A local member of Parliament asked Ottawa for more RCMP officers, and on October 18 Crime Stoppers raised its reward to $10,000.
The Miramichi changed during those months. The Canadian Encyclopedia records that parents kept their children inside, Halloween was cancelled, and some residents bought guns. The university archive chronology notes that communities called off Halloween events in October 1989 but held children's parties instead. Rick MacLean, then editor of the Miramichi Leader, wrote that people slept with guns under their beds. Adam Lordon, the mayor of Miramichi, told The Canadian Press in 2021 that as a child he and his family had moved in with his grandparents as a precaution.
After the Daughney killings, residents put up outdoor lights in their back yards and left them on through the night. The CBC reporter André Veniot, who covered the case, wrote in a retrospective for the university archive that people still call them "Legere lights" and that the lights stayed on.
In a 2026 interview with CTV News, a man who had been a child in Chatham at the time recalled the town almost shutting down and his school running drills in case Legere appeared. Rick MacLean recalled that residents were too frightened to speak to reporters.
On October 28 two guns were stolen from a parked truck. That night an RCMP dog handler pursued a suspect, shots were fired, and the handler fell about 30 feet. The RCMP confirmed that a special unit was working on the case and appealed for public cooperation.
In early fall 1989 the RCMP's Central Forensic Laboratory in Ottawa opened for DNA casework. According to Jack Walsh, one of the Crown prosecutors, its first comparisons matched biological material from the Flam and Daughney scenes with DNA in hair that police had taken from Legere during the Glendenning investigation in 1986. On November 13, 1989, André Veniot reported on CBC that DNA tests had linked crime scene material to earlier samples. On the evening of November 16 the RCMP publicly confirmed that DNA linked Legere to the killings.
Father James Smith was 69, a Roman Catholic priest in Chatham Head.
The Court of Appeal found that he was killed on November 15, 1989. He did not appear for an evening service the next day, when about 30 people were waiting at the church, and he was found dead that evening. He had been beaten to death. His car, a 1984 Oldsmobile, was gone.
The car was found in Bathurst that evening. A ticket buyer at the railway station had bought a ticket for the 8:28 p.m. train to Montreal, and the train had left about two hours before police reached the car. Officers boarded a train at Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, early on November 17 and checked a passenger, who was cleared. The next morning workers found a pair of wet boots and a parka hidden behind plywood, and one of them noticed a nail in the heel of a boot.
In Montreal, the archive chronology says, a man using a false name checked into a downtown hotel on November 17 and rarely left his room. An optometrist made him new glasses, and pawnshop owners bought jewelry from him. The provincial government told the RCMP to spare no effort, and the Crime Stoppers reward rose to $50,000.
On November 23 Legere was back in New Brunswick. In Saint John that night he hired a taxi to take him to Moncton, held the driver at gunpoint, and told him who he was. The taxi went off the road into a snowbank. Legere stopped a passing car, whose driver was an off-duty RCMP constable, and forced her to drive him with the taxi driver. At a gas station near Sussex the two hostages escaped and alerted police.
Legere then took over a tractor-trailer and made its driver keep going. At about 5 a.m. on November 24, 1989, on a rural road, the driver unhitched the trailer and Legere changed direction. Another trucker alerted police, and two RCMP corporals pursued the truck. The driver jumped clear and Legere surrendered. Officers found a loaded, cocked sawed-off rifle in the cab. He was taken to the RCMP building in Newcastle.
Published accounts place the arrest in different spots: on Route 118 (CBC News, on the 25th anniversary), near Newcastle (The Canadian Encyclopedia), near Rogersville (The Canadian Press, 2021) and near Nelson (The Canadian Press, 2026). All agree that it ended a manhunt of about 201 days.
In August 1990 bridge inspectors found Father Smith's calling card and Visa card buried near a railway bridge, and a later search found an American Express card. The officer leading the investigation said this placed the killer on the Montreal train.
On November 20, 1990, the RCMP announced four charges of first-degree murder. In December 1990 a single information charging the four counts was sworn, and on December 5, at the courthouse in Newcastle, the Crown used a direct indictment to go straight to trial without a preliminary hearing. Legere refused to plead, and Justice David M. Dickson of the Court of Queen's Bench entered pleas of not guilty on each count.
The prosecution was led by Anthony Allman, with Jack Walsh handling the DNA evidence and Graham Sleeth also on the team. Weldon Furlotte represented Legere.
On the defence's application, with the Crown's agreement, the trial was moved out of the Miramichi to the Fredericton area. Justice Dickson later wrote that he had cited "the extreme state of social turmoil" in the Miramichi, the need for an impartial jury, and the demands of witnesses, facilities and security. The trial was held at the provincial courthouse in Burton, near Fredericton, which needed considerable renovation for security.
A first trial date of February 4, 1991, proved unrealistic. Legere wrote to the Moncton Times and Transcript in December 1990 announcing a hunger strike to protest the judge's conduct, and said in January that he had begun it.
From April 22, 1991, the court spent about six weeks at Burton hearing arguments about the evidence without a jury. The central question was whether DNA evidence could be put before a jury at all. Canadian law had no settled test for new scientific evidence, and the Crown argued that the evidence met both the American "general acceptance" standard and a test of reasonable reliability. The defence also argued that taking bodily samples from Legere for comparison was unlawful without legislation.
The Crown's witnesses included John Bowen, who ran the RCMP DNA section and did the casework; Ron Fourney, head of the RCMP DNA research program; John Waye, who reviewed Bowen's work independently; and two population geneticists, George Carmody of Carleton University and Kenneth Kidd of Yale. The defence called William Shields of the State University of New York, who challenged the statistics rather than the laboratory method or the matches themselves.
In July 1991 the Supreme Court of British Columbia, in a case called Baptiste, adopted a reasonable reliability test and treated disputes about population structure as a matter of weight for the jury. Justice Dickson followed that approach and ruled the DNA evidence admissible at the start of the trial.
Jury selection began on August 26, 1991, in a temporary courtroom in a high school auditorium in Oromocto. Of 510 people summoned, 180 appeared. They were asked about their opinions of the case, what they had seen in the media, and whether they had read a book about it. The twelfth juror was chosen on August 27, after about 150 people had been questioned; the jury had six men and six women. The court had planned for 243 witnesses, many of them from outside the province.
Justice Dickson later wrote that the trial proper lasted "some nine or ten weeks." A camera in the ceiling fed a closed-circuit television outside Legere's holding cell, and when he disrupted the proceedings the jury was sent out, he was moved to the cell, and the trial went on. The judge recorded that this happened "on only three or four occasions." He told the jury to overlook such conduct by an accused under strain, "quite regardless of innocence or guilt." André Veniot described Legere in court as "loud, cocksure, disdainful."
Midway through the trial a juror was discharged after, in the judge's words, "subversive approaches" by friends of the accused. Allman recalled that police had reported a possible connection between the juror and a Legere supporter in the public gallery. Legere also dismissed his associate counsel, a former Crown prosecutor, partway through the trial, and the judge appointed that lawyer, with his consent, to attend every sitting as backup counsel.
The DNA evidence went to the jury in roughly October 1991 and took about two months of the trial, according to Allman. Five or six Crown experts testified on it, and the defence called one. Bowen showed the jury back-lit autoradiographs of the matching band patterns. The laboratory had used RFLP typing, examining up to about five sites on the DNA. As summarized by the Court of Appeal and by Walsh, the results were:
Flam scene: a match at four sites, with an estimated frequency of less than 1 in 5.2 million in the Canadian Caucasian male population.
Daughney scene, first sample: a match at two sites, about 1 in 7,400.
Daughney scene, second sample: a match at five sites, less than 1 in 310 million.
Because the 1986 hair samples held only small amounts of DNA, they were combined with hair taken in 1989 for testing. Bloody tissue that Legere discarded at the Newcastle police station after his arrest was also matched to the hair results.
Shields agreed that the samples matched. He argued that population structure in the region meant the odds were overstated and proposed a correction that would reduce a five-site match to about 1 in 11 million. His testimony that there was a high degree of inbreeding in the community drew public anger and heavy coverage, according to Walsh. Kidd and Carmody answered him, and by the end, Walsh wrote, the dispute was only over how rare the matches were.
There was no DNA evidence in Father Smith's death. The Crown relied instead on a footprint left in blood at the scene, matched to the boots found near the priest's abandoned car in Bathurst; casts of Legere's feet taken after his arrest, matched to the inside of those boots; property stolen in the area; and the cards found near the railway bridge.
The jury returned its verdicts on November 3, 1991: guilty of first-degree murder on all four counts. By then the jury had eleven members, five men and six women. Allman recalled that Legere at first refused to come into the courtroom for the verdict and was brought in by officers. Justice Dickson's notes record that sentence was passed the same day. First-degree murder carried a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment, and Legere was sentenced to life.
He was also declared a dangerous offender, a designation for offenders considered likely to commit further violence that, as CBC News noted, allows a person to be held indefinitely. He was sent to the Special Handling Unit at the maximum-security prison in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, near Montreal.
Legere appealed. The New Brunswick Court of Appeal, Chief Justice Hoyt and Justices Angers and Lewis Ayles, heard the appeal on June 1 and 2, 1993, and dismissed it on December 16, 1994, in reasons written by Justice Ayles.
The court held that DNA typing should be judged like other scientific evidence, by its relevance and whether its results could reasonably be relied on, and that the trial judge had been right to admit it and to leave the statistics to the jury. It upheld the boot and footprint evidence. It found that the 1986 hair samples had been taken illegally but should still be admitted, and that the bloody tissue had been gathered rather than seized. It found that the trial judge had erred in admitting only part of a statement by Legere, and that a pathologist's opinion and part of the Crown's jury address raised problems, but it held that these errors caused no substantial wrong or miscarriage of justice. The other grounds, on jury selection, Legere's absence from two discussions, and statements made after he asked for a lawyer, were rejected.
Legere then went to the Supreme Court of Canada without a lawyer. His motion for appointed counsel was dismissed in November 1995, his application for leave to appeal was refused that year, and a motion asking the court to reconsider was dismissed on March 7, 1996.
Walsh, writing in 2006, called the case one of the first criminal cases in Canada to use DNA evidence and the first serial murder case to do so. He noted that the Supreme Court of Canada settled the general test for expert scientific evidence in R. v. Mohan in 1994.
The editor Rick MacLean and the CBC reporter André Veniot wrote Terror: Murder and Panic in New Brunswick, published by McClelland and Stewart in 1990. MacLean, Veniot and Shaun Waters followed it with Terror's End: Allan Legere on Trial in 1992. Legere went to court to try to stop publication of both books, and the cases were reported as Legere v. MacLean in the Court of Appeal in 1991 and the Court of Queen's Bench in 1992. In April 1991 he argued his own case in the Court of Appeal in Fredericton. MacLean told The Canadian Press in 2021 that Legere had threatened him with legal action, and he told CTV News in 2026 that Legere, while in custody, had written a threatening letter to his wife.
Other books include Raymond Fraser's Confessions of a Young Criminal: The Story Behind Allan Legere and the Murder at Black River Bridge (New Ireland Press, 1994).
The University of New Brunswick's Gerard V. La Forest Law Library later built the Allan Legere Digital Archive, which holds the trial and voir dire transcripts, the index of witnesses, the exhibits, drawings by the court artist Carol Taylor, the Court of Appeal decisions, and essays by the trial judge, two of the prosecutors and André Veniot.
Veniot wrote in his retrospective that Legere was held in the Special Handling Unit at Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, spent 23 hours a day in his cell, and was one of four Canadian prisoners barred from speaking to the media, with Clifford Olson, Paul Bernardo and Valery Fabrikant.
The Parole Board's January 2021 decision said Legere had planned a further escape in 1991 while held at the Atlantic Institution. A former Correctional Service of Canada manager, John Harris, told The Canadian Press that the plan included taking a female staff member hostage, and that it was kept quiet but documented to justify Legere's transfer to the super-maximum unit near Montreal.
In 2015 Legere was transferred to Edmonton Institution, a maximum-security prison in Alberta. The board described his behaviour there as "problematic," although his violence decreased and he sometimes worked in institutional jobs. It said he developed fixations on female staff and behaved inappropriately toward them, and that in May 2019 an X-ray found a weapon hidden in his television, not the first time he had hidden contraband in one.
Legere's life sentences carried no mandatory release date. The Parole Board said he had been eligible to apply for day parole since November 2012 and for full parole since November 2015. In 2015 he waived a tentatively scheduled hearing after a letter-writing campaign in the Miramichi opposing his release.
In August 2020 CTV News reported that he had applied for day parole. Before the hearing, Miramichi's council again wrote to the board urging it to refuse him. John Glendenning's brother told The Canadian Press that the board should consider the violence that followed the 1989 escape and must protect the community.
The hearing took place in Edmonton on January 13, 2021, when Legere was 72. The board refused both day and full parole. "Your offending is of the most serious nature. The victim harm is still felt to this day," the board member Delaine Dew told him. She said he remained "an untreated sexual offender and violent offender" and that his risk could not be managed in the community. His Correctional Service parole officer had recommended against release, saying his program gains "haven't translated into accountability" and that his history of manipulation made it hard to judge whether he was telling the truth.
In the eight-page written decision released on January 20, 2021, the board said that Legere had said other people committed the fatal beatings, that he had blamed alcohol for the assault on the surviving woman, and that he had suggested the victims' families forgive him and "move on." He told the board several times that he did not expect parole and asked for programs at a medium-security prison. He appealed the 2021 refusal, and it was upheld.
In 2025 he waived his right to a hearing on July 2 and made no written submissions, and the board reviewed his file in its office. In a decision reported on December 22, 2025, it denied full parole, finding that he still posed an "undue risk" and rating him a high risk for violent offences and a moderate risk for sexual offences. It cited a psychological assessment that his "maladaptive personality traits" stood in the way of reducing his risk, his poor conduct in prison, his failure to complete a high-intensity sex offender program, and the gravity of crimes that had ended "the lives of five innocent people." Victim impact statements, one dated September 2025, described continuing fear that he might return to the community.
The Correctional Service of Canada announced on March 10, 2026, that Allan Legere, 78, an inmate at Edmonton Institution, had died in custody on March 9, 2026. It said he had been serving a life sentence since January 22, 1987, that it would review the circumstances, and that police and the coroner had been notified. No cause of death was released.
Adam Lordon, the mayor of Miramichi, said in a statement that the news recalled a hard time for the community, spoke of a collective sense of relief, and said his thoughts were with the victims' families. Frank McKenna told CTV News that the evil Legere did "doesn't define who we are."
Responsibility. At his 2021 parole hearing Legere said others had committed the fatal beatings. Juries convicted him of all five murders, the Court of Appeal found in 1994 that there was no evidence that more than one person was involved in the 1989 killings, and his appeals failed.
The date of death. Some reports and The Canadian Encyclopedia give March 10, 2026, the day the Correctional Service announced it. The service's own release gives March 9.
The Daughney and Smith dates. The Court of Appeal dates the killings to October 13 and November 15, 1989. Several news accounts give October 14, when the fire was found, and November 16, when Father Smith was found.
The arrest location is given differently by different accounts.
The escape. Accounts differ on how he freed himself from his restraints (concealed tools, or a key he made in prison).
The September and October 1989 attacks in Newcastle were blamed on Legere at the time but were charged against another man.
June 21, 1986: John Glendenning, 66, is killed during a robbery at his home at Black River Bridge; his wife survives.
June 24, 1986: the RCMP arrest Legere.
January 22, 1987: a jury convicts Legere of second-degree murder; life, with no parole eligibility for 18 years. Two co-accused plead guilty to second-degree murder.
1987: two escape attempts, according to the Parole Board.
August 5, 1988: the New Brunswick Court of Appeal dismisses his appeal.
May 3, 1989: Legere escapes from guards at a Moncton hospital and abducts a woman, whom he later releases.
May 28, 1989: Annie Flam, 75, is killed in Chatham; a second woman survives.
June 2 and 3, 1989: glasses matching Legere's prescription are found and identified.
October 12, 1989: the Supreme Court of Canada refuses leave to appeal the 1987 conviction.
October 13 to 14, 1989: Donna Daughney, 45, and Linda Daughney, 41, are killed in Newcastle; their house is set on fire.
November 13, 1989: CBC reports DNA results linking crime scene material to earlier samples.
November 15, 1989: Father James Smith, 69, is killed in Chatham Head; he is found the next evening.
November 16, 1989: the RCMP confirm DNA links Legere to the killings.
November 23 to 24, 1989: Legere hijacks a taxi in Saint John, then a car and a tractor-trailer, and surrenders on November 24.
August 14, 1990: convicted of escape and kidnapping; nine years, concurrent.
November 20, 1990: four first-degree murder charges announced.
December 5, 1990: direct indictment at Newcastle; not-guilty pleas entered.
April 22, 1991: the voir dire on the evidence begins at Burton.
August 26, 1991: jury selection begins at Oromocto.
November 3, 1991: guilty of four counts of first-degree murder; life. He is declared a dangerous offender.
December 16, 1994: the Court of Appeal dismisses his appeal.
March 7, 1996: the Supreme Court of Canada dismisses his motion to reconsider his leave application.
November 2012: eligible to apply for day parole.
2015: transferred to Edmonton Institution; waives a parole hearing; eligible to apply for full parole from November.
May 2019: a weapon is found hidden in his television.
January 13, 2021: day and full parole refused.
December 2025: full parole refused on a file review.
March 9, 2026: dies in custody at Edmonton Institution, aged 78.