THE JOKER

The Joker is a fictional character, a DC Comics supervillain widely considered to be Batman's archenemy. He first appeared in Batman #1 (Spring 1940). His creation is the subject of debate, with some sources [citation needed] saying he was initially conceived by art assistant Jerry Robinson and redesigned by Batman creators Bob Kane and Bill Finger, which Kane consistently denied until his death in 1998.

The Joker is a master criminal with a clown-like appearance. Initially portrayed as a violent sociopath who murders people for his own amusement, the Joker, later in the 1940s period that fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books, began to be written as a goofy trickster-thief. That characterization continued through the late-1950s and 1960s Silver Age before the character became again depicted as a vicious, sociopathic killer. The Joker has been responsible for numerous tragedies in Batman's life, including the paralysis of Barbara Gordon (Batgirl) and the murders of Jason Todd (the second Robin) and Sarah Essen, Jim Gordon's second wife.

Interpretations of the Joker in other media include Cesar Romero's in the 1960s Batman television series, Jack Nicholson's in Tim Burton's 1989 feature film, and Mark Hamill's in Batman: The Animated Series and other DC Animated Universe shows. The character ranks first in the comics-hobbyist magazine Wizard's list of the top 100 villains. As played by Nicholson, The Joker ranks #45 in the American Film Institute's list of the top 50 film villains of all time.

Publication history

Originally conceived as an evil "court-jester" type, the character was initially rejected by studio writer Bill Finger as being "too clownish," but he later relayed the idea to Bob Kane. Kane, who started out as a gag artist, loved the concept and encouraged its production. Finger found a photograph of actor Conrad Veidt wearing make-up for the silent film The Man Who Laughs, and it was from this photograph that the Joker was modeled. This influence was later admitted by Kane in 1970 and referenced in the graphic novel Batman: The Man Who Laughs, a retelling of the first Joker story from 1940.

The credit for creation of the Joker is disputed. Kane responded in a 1994 interview to claims that Jerry Robinson created the character:

“Bill Finger and I created the Joker. Bill was the writer. Jerry Robinson came to me with a playing card of the Joker. That's the way I sum it up. [The Joker] looks like Conrad Veidt — you know, the actor in The Man Who Laughs, [the 1928 movie based on the novel] by Victor Hugo. [...] Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's the Joker'. Jerry Robinson had absolutely nothing to do with it. But he'll always say he created it till he dies. He brought in a playing card, which we used for a couple of issues for him [the Joker] to use as his playing card".”

In his initial dozen or so appearances, starting with Batman #1 (1940), the Joker is a straightforward spree killer/mass murderer, with a bizarre appearance modeled after the symbol of the Joker known from playing cards. It is of note that in his second appearance ("The Joker Returns", also in Batman #1), the Joker was actually slated to be killed off, with the final page detailing the villain accidentally stabbing himself, lying dead as Batman and Robin run off into the night. DC editor Whitney Ellsworth thought the Joker was too good a character to kill off, suggesting that he be spared. A hastily drawn panel, calculated to imply that the Joker was still alive, was subsequently added to the comic.

For the next several appearances, the Joker often escapes capture but suffers an apparent death (falling off a cliff, being caught in a burning building, etc.), from which his body was not recovered. In these first dozen adventures, the Joker kills close to three dozen people, impressive for a villain who didn't use giant robots, mutant monsters, or space lasers, as was the status quo between 1940 until around 1942. Ironically, the turning point came in "Joker Walks the Last Mile" (Detective Comics #64), when the Joker is actually executed in the electric chair only to be chemically revived by henchmen.

While the Joker was back, he was decidedly less deadly than previous engagements. At this point, the editors decided that only one-shot villains should commit murder, so as to not make Batman look impotent in his inability to punish such recurring foes as the Joker or the Penguin. As the Batman comics softened their tone, the Joker shifted towards a harmless, cackling nuisance, rather than a trigger-happy madman. He quickly became the most popular villain and was used frequently during the Golden Age of Comic Books. The use of the character lessened somewhat by the late 1950s, and disappeared almost entirely when Julius Schwartz took over editorship of the Batman comics in 1964.

In 1973, the character was revived and profoundly revised in the Batman comic stories by Dennis O'Neil and Neal Adams. Beginning in Batman #251, with the story "The Joker's Five Way Revenge", the Joker becomes a homicidal maniac who casually murders people on a whim, while enjoying battles of wits with Batman. This take on the character has taken prominence since. Steve Englehart, in his short but well-received run on the book, added elements deepening the severity of the Joker's insanity.

Joker even had his own nine-issue series during the 1970s in which he faces off against a variety of foes, both superheroes and supervillains. Although he was the protagonist of the series, certain issues feature just as much murder as those in which he was the antagonist; of the nine issues, he commits murder in seven. The development of the Joker as a psychopath continues with the issues "A Death in the Family" (in which readers voted for the character to kill off Jason Todd) and The Killing Joke in 1988, redefining the character for DC's Modern Age after the company wide reboot following Crisis on Infinite Earths.

A major addition to the character was the introduction of Harley Quinn. Originally introduced in Batman: The Animated Series, Quinn is a clinical psychiatrist who falls hopelessly in love with the Joker in Arkham Asylum and now serves as his loyal, if daffy, sidekick, costumed in a skintight harlequin suit. Their relationship often resembles that of an abusive domestic relationship, with the Joker insulting, hurting, or even attempting to kill Quinn, who remains undaunted in her devotion. She was popular enough to be integrated into the comics in 1999 and a modified version of the character (less goofy, but still criminally insane and utterly committed to the Joker) was also featured on the short-lived live-action TV series Birds of Prey.

Origin of The Joker

Detective Comics #168 (February 1951) revealed that he had been a criminal known as the Red Hood. While fleeing from Batman, the Red Hood fell into a vat of chemicals, from which he emerged with white skin, green hair, and a bizarre grin.

Though many have been related, a definitive history of the Joker has never been established in the comics, and his true name has never been confirmed. The most widely cited backstory can be seen in Alan Moore's The Killing Joke. It depicts him as originally being an engineer at a chemical plant who quit his job to pursue his dream of being a stand-up comedian, only to fail miserably. Desperate to support his pregnant wife, Joe agreed to help two criminals break into the plant where he was formerly employed. In this version of the story, the Red Hood persona is given to the inside man of every job (thus it is never the same man twice); this makes the leader appear to be the inside man, allowing the two ring-leaders to escape. The men convinced him to wear it by saying it was out of their concern for his identity. During the planning, police contacted him and informed him that his wife had died in a household accident.

Stricken with grief, he attempted to back out of the plan, but the criminals strong-armed him into keeping his promise. As soon as they entered the plant, however, they were immediately caught by security and a fatal shoot-out followed in which the two criminals were killed. As he tried to escape, he was confronted by Batman, who was investigating the disturbance. In desperation, the engineer leaped over a rail and plummeted into a vat of chemicals. When he surfaced in the nearby reservoir, he removed the hood and saw his reflection: bleached chalk-white skin, ruby-red lips, and green hair. These events, coupled with his other misfortunes that day, drove the engineer completely insane, resulting in the birth of the Joker.

The story "Pushback" (Batman: Gotham Knights # 50-55), supports part of the Moore version when a witness (who coincidentally turns out to be Edward Nigma, a.k.a. The Riddler) recounts that the Joker's wife was kidnapped and murdered by the criminals in order to force the engineer into performing the crime. In this version, the Joker was called Jack.

No recounting of the Joker's origin is exactly definitive, however, as he is portrayed as lying so often about his former life that he himself is confused as to what actually happened. As he says in The Killing Joke: "Sometimes I remember it one way, sometimes another... if I'm going to have a past, I prefer it to be multiple choice!"

Criminal career

From the Joker's first appearance in Batman #1, he has been willing (and eager) to wreak as much havoc as possible upon innocent people in order to claim the mantle of Gotham City's greatest criminal mastermind. Throughout his decades-long war with Batman, he has committed crimes both whimsical and inhumanly brutal, all with a logic and reasoning that, in Batman's words, "make sense to him alone."

In The Killing Joke, the Joker appeared at Commissioner Jim Gordon's home one night and shot Barbara Gordon (aka Batgirl) in the stomach at close range, paralyzing her, and kidnapped the Commissioner. The Joker then stripped Barbara naked and took photographs of her injured body, which he would later show Gordon in his attempt to drive him insane; Joker sought to prove that any man can have "one really bad day" and become just like him. Batman rescued Gordon before pursuing the Joker, eventually cornering him on the rooftop. Batman tried one final time to reach his old foe, offering to rehabilitate him. The Joker refused, but showed his appreciation by sharing a joke with Batman, and the two began to laugh before Joker allowed himself to be taken back to Arkham.

One of the Joker's biggest impacts on Batman's life was the murder of Jason Todd, the second Robin in the story "A Death in the Family". In his search for his long lost mother, Todd eventually found her in the captivity of the Joker. Joker beat Jason to within an inch of his life with a crowbar before blowing up the warehouse they were in. Joker escaped but Batman was left to find the lifeless body of the second Robin, a death that has haunted him since and intensified his obsession with his archenemy.

In "The Devil's Advocate", Joker is convicted of a spree of murders where all the victims were left with the Joker's trademark grin. Though normally his plea of insanity would allow him to escape the death penalty, The Joker instead pleads innocent of the "amateurish" crimes, and is sentenced to death. However, Batman refuses to believe that the Joker committed the crimes because they are uncharacteristic of his arch-nemesis. Batman succeeds in identifying the real killer, who was attempting to frame the Joker.

A psychiatrist eventually begins to ponder that perhaps the Joker is in fact perfectly sane, and faking insanity so as to avoid the death penalty. This psychiatrist is Harleen Quinzel, the future Harley Quinn. As she tries to treat the Joker, he recounts a tale of an abusive father and runaway mother to gain her sympathy. It works all too well; she falls hopelessly in love with him, and allows him to escape Arkham several times before she is eventually caught. Driven over the edge with obsession, she turns into a criminal and the Joker's on and off girlfriend.

In a company-wide crossover, "The Last Laugh," the Joker believed himself to be dying and plans one last historic crime spree, infecting the inmates of 'The Slab,' a prison for super criminals, with Joker venom before escaping. He sets the super powered inmates loose on the world to cause mass chaos in their 'jokerized' forms. Meanwhile, he tries to ensure his "legacy" by defacing statues in his image and attempting to impregnate Harley Quinn. The entire United States declares war on the Joker under the orders of President Luthor; in response, Joker sends his minions to kill the President. The heroes of the world try to fight off the rampaging villains, while Black Canary discovers that Joker's doctor modified his CAT scan to make it appear that he had a fatal tumour in an attempt to subdue him with the threat of death. Meanwhile, Harley Quinn, angry at Joker's attempt to get her pregnant, is helping the heroes who rescued her to create a cure to the Joker poison and return the super villains to their normal state and eventually comes up with an antidote.

Nightwing eventually catches up with the Joker and, believing that Robin is dead, prepares to take the villain down once and for all. The Joker, happy to end his life by killing the first Robin, faces Nightwing in a physical one on one, a match that Nightwing easily dominates. Nightwing finally kills the Joker, just as Batman and his allies arrive. Refusing to allow the Joker to escape justice, Batman revives the Joker and sends him back to jail. The super criminals are all cured of their Joker venom.

During the events of the No Man's Land storyline, the Joker murders Sarah Essen Gordon, Commissioner Gordon's second wife, by shooting her through the head as she tries to protect infants that he had kidnapped. Even the Joker finds no humor in his actions until Gordon retaliates by shooting Joker in the leg. The Joker begins to laugh, seeing the irony in losing the use of his leg after he paralyzed Barbara Gordon years earlier.

In Emperor Joker, a multipart story throughout the Superman titles, the Joker manages to steal the godlike power of Superman villain Mister Mxyzptlk, albeit temporarily.

During the return of new villain Hush to Gotham City, Riddler hires the Joker to save him, offering the Joker the name of the crooked cop who killed his wife all those years ago. However, the Joker's attempted revenge was cut short when Hush attacked with Prometheus, forcing the Joker to retreat. After Jason Todd returns to life and takes over his killer's old Red Hood identity during the lead-up to Infinite Crisis, Jason asserts that the Joker is not quite as crazy as he leads people to believe. Jason attempted to force Batman to shoot the Joker, angered at Batman's refusal to kill the Joker despite what he'd done, but Batman refused, driving Jason away with a well-aimed batarang instead. At the conclusion of Infinite Crisis, the Joker kills Alexander Luthor, hero of the original Crisis on Infinite Earths and villain of Infinite Crisis, angered at the fact that he was the only villain not to be invited into the new Secret Society of Super-Villains.

One Year Later

In Detective Comics #826, during the holiday season, Joker captured Robin and drove him through the city in a minivan. While driving, Joker aimlessly ran over innocent bystanders, killed a fast food manager in cold blood, and subjected Robin to physical and psychological torture. Eventually, Robin was able to play the Joker by starting a conversation about the Marx Brothers, which distracted Joker long enough for Robin to attempt an escape. Eventually he did, wrecking the minivan in the process. The body of the Joker was never found, so he remained at large.

Batman #655 opens with Joker having poisoned Commissioner Gordon and apparently having beaten Batman to death while disabled children he had taken hostage were forced to watch. He had also shattered the Bat-signal. However, the Batman he had beaten was a fake, an ex-cop in a Batman suit. Moreover, he was not dead, and pulled a gun. Batman was in time to save the Joker, but not before the bullet grazed his forehead. Batman took out his frustration by throwing him into a dumpster.

Batman #663 features the return of the Joker who has had to undergo skin grafting procedures due to injuries sustained during his last encounter with Batman that left him immobile and unable to speak correctly. While in intensive care at Arkham, he sends Harley Quinn to kill all of his old henchman with a new death gas in order to signal his forthcoming "rebirth". Harley lures Batman to Arkham to confront The Joker (who at this point has undergone a mental transformation, subsequently reinventing himself, as first explained in Morrison's Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth), thinking Joker will kill Batman at midnight. This reinvention is referred to as the 'Thin White Duke of Death'. Instead, Joker attempts first to kill, then mutilate Harley Quinn in front of Batman. After a fight between Joker and Batman, Harley shoots the Joker, wounding him. Batman then brings the Joker back into custody. This issue, written in text form by Grant Morrison and illustrated by John Van Fleet, deeply explores the Joker's psyche and expands upon concepts introduced in Batman: The Killing Joke and Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth Also, unlike most comics, this issue was written in prose format, with the art accentuating highlighted moments within the story.

The Joker's Powers and Abilities

The Joker commits crimes with countless "comedic" weapons (such as razor-sharp playing cards, acid-spewing flowers, cyanide pies, and lethally electric joy buzzers) and Joker venom, a deadly poison that infects his victims with a ghoulish rictus grin as they die while laughing uncontrollably. This venom comes in many forms, from gas to darts to liquid poison, and has been his primary calling card from his first appearance till the present. The Joker is immune to his venom. The Joker is also very skilled in the fields of chemistry, genetics, and computer technology. The Joker can and will use any weaponry available to him, from joke pistols to nuclear missiles.

Joker's skills in hand-to-hand combat vary considerably depending on the writer. Some writers have shown Joker to be quite the skilled fighter, capable even of holding his own against Batman in a fight. Other writers prefer portraying Joker as being physically frail to the point that he can be defeated with a single punch.

The Joker has cheated death numerous times, even in seemingly inescapable and lethal situations. Though he has been seen to "die" through explosions, has been repeatedly shot, dropped from heights and through various other means, the Joker always manages to return fully alive and unscathed to wreak havoc again.

Over several decades there have been a variety of depictions and possibilities regarding the Joker's apparent insanity, of which the following are a sampling:

Grant Morrison's graphic novel Arkham Asylum suggests that the Joker's mental state is in fact a previously unprecedented form of "super-sanity," a form of ultra-sensory perception. It also suggests that he has no true personality of his own, that on any given day he could be a harmless clown or a vicious killer, depending on which would benefit him the most. Later, during the Knightfall saga, after Scarecrow and the Joker team up and kidnap the mayor of Gotham City, Scarecrow turns on the Joker and uses his fear gas to see what Joker is afraid of. To Scarecrow's surprise, the gas has no effect on Joker, who in turn beats Scarecrow with a chair. This suggests that due to his insanity, the Joker literally has no fear, or at least has no hidden demons. In Morrison's JLA title, the Martian Manhunter rewired his own brain in order to think like the Joker, and later briefly rewired the Joker's brain to create momentary sanity. In those few moments, the Joker realized that he had to reevaluate his life. He was returned to his usual self soon afterward.

It is often implied that the Joker was transformed both physically and mentally by the accident in the chemical plant. In various DC Comics Who's Who publications, it has been stated that due to his level of insanity, at times the Joker manifests a degree of superhuman strength. In an alternate depiction of the Joker called Elseworlds: Distant Fires, Joker is rendered sane by a nuclear war which deprives all super beings of their powers. In Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #145, the Joker became sane when Batman put him in one of Ra's al Ghul's Lazarus Pits after being shot, a reversal of the insanity which may come after experiencing such rejuvenation.

The character is sometimes portrayed as having a heightened sense of self-awareness that other characters do not, such as being aware of being in a comic book. This fourth wall awareness also seems to carry over to Batman: The Animated Series. The Joker is the only character to talk directly into the "camera", and can be heard whistling his own theme music in the episode adaptation of the comic Mad Love. In the Marvel vs DC crossover, he also demonstrates knowledge of the first Batman/Spider-Man crossover even though that story's events did not occur in the canonical history of either the Marvel or DC universe.

After tricking the fifth-dimensional being Mister Mxyzptlk into giving all of his power to the Clown Prince of Crime, the Joker briefly had the ability to alter reality, a power he uses to remake the world and torture Batman until Superman and a chagrined Mister Mxyzptlk return reality to normal.

Character of The Joker

The Joker has been referred to as the Clown Prince of Crime, the Harlequin of Hate, and the Ace of Knaves. Throughout the evolution of the Batman universe, interpretations and incarnations of the Joker have taken two forms. The original and currently dominant image is of a sadistic, fiendishly intelligent lunatic with a warped sense of humor, deriving pleasure from inflicting twisted, morbid death and terror upon innocent people. In this, he is a textbook example of antisocial personality disorder; in a sense, he is Charles Manson cursed with a clown's grinning face and a grotesque sense of showmanship. The other interpretation of the character, popular in the late 1940s through 1960s comic books as well as the 1960s television series, is that of an eccentric but harmless prankster and thief. The 1990s cartoon Batman: The Animated Series is notable for blending these two aspects to great acclaim, although most interpretations tend to embrace one characterization or the other.

The Joker's perennial standing among Batman's enemies likely derives from the fact that he represents the antithesis of Batman's personality and methods. Batman is generally depicted, even in the campy 1960s television show, as a serious, stoic man who pursues his campaign against crime with utter earnestness and a disciplined, focused mind. In the darker portrayals of the comics, in addition to more recent films and television, the Dark Knight is further depicted as a brooding and humorless avenger who pursues justice as an enigmatic shadow striking from the dead of night. The Joker, by contrast, is symbolized as a killer clown, driven by a disordered mind to pursue destruction and chaos with as much panache as possible. His appearance and actions suggest the bright and garish pomp and circumstance of the circus. Nightwing has stated that he believes the Joker and Batman exist because of each other; that Batman represents order and Joker the chaos that challenges it. Like Superman and Lex Luthor, it has been suggested that Batman and the Joker need each other.

The Joker's victims have included men, women, children, and even his own henchmen. An issue of Hitman in 1996 stated that the Joker had once gassed an entire kindergarten class. In the graphic novel The Joker: Devil's Advocate, the Joker is stated as having killed well over 2,000 people. Despite having murdered enough people to get the death penalty thousands of times over, he is always found not guilty by reason of insanity. In the Batman story line "War Crimes", this continued ruling of insanity is in fact made possible by The Joker's own dream team of lawyers. He is then placed in Arkham Asylum, from which he appears able to escape at will.

The Joker's obsession with Batman, and vice versa, is unique compared to other superheroes and villains:

* In "The Clown at Midnight" (featured in Batman #663), the Joker states to Batman, "You can't kill me without becoming like me. I can't kill you without losing the only human being who can keep up with me. Isn't it ironic?!" The Joker says later, "I could never kill you. Where would the act be without my straight man."

* In "Going Sane" (featured in Legends of the Dark Knight # 65-68), the Joker lures Batman into a trap that he believes kills his arch nemesis. Batman's apparent death snaps the Joker back to sanity and prompts him to undergo plastic surgery in order to look like a normal human being. The Joker attempted to lead a normal, honest life, donning the name Joseph Kerr (a pun on his criminal moniker) and engaging in a small romance with a neighbor. Normality does not last for the Joker, however, as he later discovers Batman to be alive, which drives him to insanity. The Joker then mutilated himself in order to restore his trademark white skin, green hair, and crimson lips, and resumed his quest to destroy Batman.

* In another issue, the Joker threatened to kill crime boss Rupert Thorne if he uncovered Batman's secret identity. Thorne had Hugo Strange discover Batman's identity, but, when Strange would not tell him who Batman was, had him killed. The Joker, who was also bidding for Batman's identity alongside the Penguin, told Thorne he was lucky Strange took whatever secrets he held with him to the grave; he explained that he was destined to defeat Batman in a manner worthy of his criminal reputation, and that no one else had the right.

* During the Emperor Joker storyline, the Joker was briefly endowed with cosmic powers that allowed him to remake all of reality, but, as Superman realised at the last minute before Joker's use of his powers destroyed reality, the Joker was still incapable of erasing Batman. Superman informed the Joker that this was because the Joker lived in Batman's world, rather than Batman living in the Joker's, reflecting how the Joker defines himself by his opposition to the Dark Knight.

* In the movie Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, Terry McGinnis, the successor to the mantle of Dark Knight, said to the Joker that the only real reason he kept coming back was because he never got a laugh out of the original Batman. The Joker has also said that without Batman, his life is nothing.

* In Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, a catatonic Joker becomes animated only after seeing a police report that Batman has returned to action, setting in motion a final confrontation.

The Joker is renowned as Batman's most unpredictable foe. While other villains rely on tried-and-true methods to commit crimes (such as Mr. Freeze's freeze gun or Poison Ivy's toxic plants), Joker has a variety of weapons at his disposal. For example, the flower he wears in his lapel sprays (at any given time) acid, poisonous laughing gas, or nothing at all. In Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker and much earlier in "Dreadful Birthday, Dear Joker!" (Batman #321), the Joker has a gun which at first shoots a dart saying "BANG!", but then, with another pull of the trigger, the dart fires (in the censored version of the movie, the gun shot out laughing gas instead of the dart). His most recurring gadget is his high-voltage hand-buzzer where he literally electrocutes his victims with a handshake. Sometimes he commits crimes just for the fun of it, while on other occasions, it is part of a grand scheme; Batman has been noted to say that the Joker's plans make sense to him alone. This capricious nature, coupled with his maniacal bloodlust, makes Joker the one villain that the DC Universe's other super-villains fear; in the Villains United mini-series, the members of the villains' Secret Society refuse to induct the Joker for this reason. In the one-shot Underworld Unleashed, the Trickster remarks, "When super-villains want to scare each other, they tell Joker stories."

Alternate Versions of The Joker

* In Batman: Bloodstorm, the sequel to Batman's fight with Dracula that resulted in him being transformed into a vampire, the Joker took charge of the remaining vampires, convincing them that he was a better leader to them alive and thinking long-term than transformed into a vampire and more concerned with his next meal. Under the Joker's leadership, the vampires killed all of Gotham's major crime families, but this made them easy prey for Batman's daylight allies. In a last stand, the Joker's remaining vampire allies were killed, but the Joker managed to kill Catwoman in the process. Driven mad with grief, Batman broke the Joker's neck and drained his blood, committing his first murder as a vampire. Horrified by what he had done, Batman fled after staking the Joker, but knew that, in his last breath, the Joker had won by turning Batman into a monster.

* In JLA: The Nail, the Joker was given access to Kryptonian weaponry by the altered Jimmy Olsen, using it to kill Batgirl and Robin right in front of Batman. However, Joker loses his concentration when Catwoman intervenes, allowing Batman to escape. Batman, driven to the brink of madness with grief and rage, killed the Joker on the roof of Arkham Asylum. In the sequel, JLA: Another Nail, they have a rematch in Hell.

* In Batman: In Darkest Knight, where Bruce Wayne is chosen as Green Lantern instead of Hal Jordan, he easily averts the accident that initially transformed the criminal who was once the Red Hood into the Joker.

* An alternate universe Gotham City shows what appears to be a sane Joker working as an agent of Planetary, in Planetary/Batman: Night on Earth.

* A female version of the Joker, modeled on Duela Dent, appeared as part of DC's Tangent Comics line in her own one-shot (Tangent Comics: The Joker) in 1997. A superhero, she also appeared as a member of Tangent's Secret Six. The character was popular enough to merit a second one-shot, The Joker's Wild, in the second wave of Tangent Comics one year later.
* In the Elseworlds novel Batman: Two Faces, the Joker takes the role of both Jack the Ripper and Mr. Hyde, becoming the exact opposite of Batman.

* In Gotham by Gaslight, Joker makes a cameo appearance. He is a thief who attempted suicide with strychnine when he was about to be apprehended by the police. His failed attempt left him disfigured and insane.

The Joker in Television: Batman (1960s)

With the success of the 1960s television series, the character was brought to the forefront along with the rest of the classic rogues gallery. During that period the Joker, as portrayed by Cesar Romero in 18 episodes, was a goofy, harmless character akin to his comics persona up to that point. The Joker of this series is characterized by a cackling laugh and comedy-themed crimes that were silly in nature, such as having henchmen dressed as court jesters, turning the the city's water supply into jelly, or bank robberies based on stand-up routines. The only reference to his early life is a remark by Batman that, in his youth, the Joker had been a hypnotist. Romero refused to shave his mustache for the role; it is still partially visible beneath his white face makeup.

The Joker in Television: Birds of Prey

Roger Stoneburner made a cameo appearance as the character in an episode of Birds of Prey in which Batgirl is caught in the crossfire between Batman and the Joker. In the series, the Joker not only paralyzes Barbara, but hires a thug (who later turns out to be Clayface) to kill Selena Kyle, a.k.a. Catwoman. Joker is said in another episode to be locked up in a prison far from New Gotham, however his old partner Harley Quinn intends to take over the city and avenge him. Mark Hamill, who voiced the Joker in various animated shows throughout the 1990s, provided the Joker's voice in the scene, and he was the only of the two actors to be credited.

The Joker in Television: OnStar TV commercials

In 2001 and 2002, General Motors aired a series of Batman-themed TV commercials promoting OnStar, a hi-tech car communication and security system. Actor Curtis Armstrong played the Joker in one of the ads.

The Joker in Cartoons

The Joker was planned to be a part of the Legion of Doom on Challenge of the SuperFriends, but Filmation already had the rights to the character for The New Adventures of Batman.[citation needed] His only Super Friends appearance was in The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians episode, "The Wild Cards" which featured a version of the Royal Flush Gang. The leader of the group, Ace, turned out to be a disguised Joker (voiced by Frank Welker).

Batman: The Animated Series offers another version of the Joker's history, primarily in the episode "Beware the Creeper" and in the spin-off movie Batman: Mask of the Phantasm. Here he is a former anonymous hit man for the Mafia with ties to the Beaumont family, and later is the person who kills Carl Beaumont. As in the 1989 movie, he is not wearing any disguise when he makes his fateful attempt to rob the chemical factory. In both this animated series and the comic-book series based on it, the Joker believes Batman intentionally pushed him into the chemicals. Unlike in the 1989 movie, however, no attempt is made to connect the Joker with the death of Bruce Wayne's parents (although "Jack Napier" has been mentioned as one of the killers's aliases[3]).

In Batman: The Animated Series, the Joker made the most appearances of any villain in Batman's rogues' gallery. As in his comic-book persona, the Joker in this series is obsessed with Batman; he often says he is the only one who "deserves" to take out Batman, halting those who try or punishing those who he thinks beat him to it.

This version of the Joker combined past elements of his characterzation from the comics in which some episodes show him performing a ridiculous scheme that portrays his comical and less agressive aspects while others show him as socopath willing to murder dozens of people. Like previous depictions,The Joker is shown as a mass murderer as evident in "Mad Love" in which Harley is examining a newspaper with text that reads "Joker still at large, Body count rises." Near the headline a picture is shown in which one can easily spot at least 20 corpses each with the signature Joker smile. Other episode show him possibly murdering people, but it was never stated if the victims indeed died. Mask of the Phantasm also connect him to three murders directly.

The Joker was also featured in the Batman/Superman crossover World's Finest, making a deal with Lex Luthor to kill Superman with a large Kryptonite dragon statue he stole, in exchange for one billion dollars.

The Animated Series version of the Joker also appears in the Static Shock episode "The Big Leagues".

The New Batman Adventures episode "Legends of the Dark Knight" is about three teenagers telling, often contradictory, stories about their conceptions of Batman's exploits. One story features the Joker in a tale inspired by the Dick Sprang comics of the 1950s. This Joker was voiced by Michael McKean.

Justice League

In the Justice League episode "Injustice for All", the Joker became a member of the Injustice Gang after Copperhead was arrested.

In the episode "Wild Cards", the Joker placed a series of bombs all over Las Vegas, and the Justice League had less than 30 minutes to defuse while they were watched on TV all over the country. However, the Royal Flush Gang (Ace, Ten, Jack, Queen, and King) were sent by the Joker to stop the League. When all but one of the Royal Flush Gang were defeated and all of the bombs were disposed of, the Joker revealed his true plan: to use Ace's powers to drive people crazy just by looking at them. When Batman arrived, however, he pulled the headband that controlled Ace's powers from Joker's coat. Ace, feeling angry and betrayed by Joker, used her powers on him and rendered the Joker catatonic. It is unknown what happened to him after that.

Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker

The Joker is the main villain of the animated film Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, in which he returns to Gotham after 40 years, during which he was believed to be dead. The Joker wreaks havoc on the futuristic Gotham leaving its residents terrified, well aware of his legend. It is eventually revealed that the original Joker did die 40 years ago, and that the Joker threatening the city is actually Tim Drake (the second Robin in the "Animated Series" continuity), whose body was being possessed by the Joker's memories and physical appearance due to an implanted chip encoded with his DNA during the time Drake was held captive and tortured. The Joker is eventually killed for good when Terry McGinnis uses the Joker's own electrocuting joy buzzer to overload and destroy the chip removing its hold over Drake. His legacy lives on, through a street gang carrying on his name and image, and even using his remains found on an abandoned mine shaft for initiation to those who are joining the Jokerz.

The Batman

A very different interpretation of the Joker appeared in the animated series The Batman, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. At first, he sports a purple and yellow straitjacket, fingerless gloves, bare feet (which are white with green toenails), wild green hair, red eyes, harsher voice, and athletic prowess that mark him as different from his predecessors.

Later in the series, he regressed back the more traditional garb of a purple suit and spats, but still had wild hair and wore no shoes, save one episode, where his shoes could elevate to great height. The Joker also moves and fights with a monkey-like style, using his feet as dexterously as his hands, and often hangs from the walls and ceilings (as the series progresses, these abilities do not appear as much). He employs the signature Joker venom in the form of a laughing gas. This version of the Clown Prince of Crime more resembles the campy, comic relief character featured in the comics of the 1950s and '60s. While this interpretation is generally lighter in tone, however, it still exhibits hints of a darker side. One episode in particular closely resembled The Killing Joke: during "The Rubberface of Comedy", he tortured a police officer to prove a point, quoting the comic: "All it takes is one bad day to make a normal man go insane". The episode also featured the building hatred and jealousy that the Joker felt towards Batman as the police focused more on capturing Batman than him ("You mean to tell me you consider this vigilante more dangerous than me, the Clown Prince of Crime?")

Joker in Film: Batman (1989)

The 1989 Batman film, directed by Tim Burton, offered a somewhat different origin for the Joker, portrayed by Jack Nicholson, and at the same time made him part of Batman's origin. The Joker's real name in the movie was Jack Napier, a play on the word "jackanapes" and the surname of actor Alan Napier, who had played Alfred in the 1960s series. Napier, the narcissistic right-hand man of Boss Carl Grissom, was having an affair with Grissom's girlfriend, Alicia Hunt, prompting the jealous crime lord to set his lieutenant up to be killed by a corrupt police officer named Lt. Eckhardt at Axis Chemicals. However, Grissom's plan went awry thanks to intervention by both Batman and Commissioner Gordon. After killing Eckhardt and then catching a ricocheted bullet in the face, Napier tumbled into a vat of chemicals.

Although Napier survived, his hair grew back green, his skin was bleached white, and a botched attempt at reconstructive surgery severed critical facial nerves, leaving him with an eternal "smile." Assuming his new identity as the Joker, he killed Grissom and took over the gangster's empire, engaging in a violent, chaotic crime spree, the motive being to "outdo" Batman, who he felt was getting too much press. He also tried to woo Gotham Globe reporter Vicki Vale. When Bruce Wayne learned about the Joker, he recalled that his parents were murdered by Jack Napier, realizing that the Joker was indirectly responsible for the origin of Batman. In the film, the Joker meets his demise. When during an attempted helicopter escape from Gotham Cathedral, Batman uses a grappling hook to tie Joker's ankle to a large, heavy gargoyle in an attempt to capture him. But Batman has accidentally sealed the Joker's fate when it comes loose. Unable to break free from the heavy burden of the gargoyle, Joker gives up and falls screaming to his death.

Joker in Film: The Dark Knight

A Joker playing card was shown at the end of Batman Begins, where it had been used as a calling card by a costumed criminal who was not explicitly named. Screenwriter David Goyer explained in Premiere magazine that he plans to use the Joker as the main villain for the sequel, The Dark Knight. Warner Bros. officially announced on July 31, 2006 that Heath Ledger would portray the Joker. Director Christopher Nolan has said that this portrayal will be inspired by The Killing Joke, and the character's first two appearances in the comics.

The Joker in Video games

Joker appears in the video game Batman: Vengeance. As the main villain of the game, Joker funds the research of Promethium and sends his men to wreak havok and cause explosions throughout the city. He nearly succeeds in defeating Batman during a confontation on a Gotham bridge, but ends up falling to his apparent death. As the Joker's demise is never permanent, however, he is later shown to have survived.

In addition to the above game Joker has appeared in most of the Batman video games. He has appeared in the various video game adaptations of the 1989 Batman film. He was the final boss in the Batman: Return of the Joker game and has appeared as a boss character in Batman: Dark Tomorrow, Batman: The Caped Crusader, Batman: The Animated Series, The Adventures of Batman & Robin for the SNES, The Adventures of Batman & Robin for the Sega Genesis and the Sega CD and Batman: Chaos in Gotham. In Batman: Vengeance and the Sega CD game Mark Hamill reprised the role of the Joker.

Prose

Published in 1990, The Further Adventures of The Joker (edited by Martin H. Greenberg) assembled 20 short stories about the Clown Prince of Crime. The content of its material ranged from macabre to campy. All of the stories featured in the book are considered non-canon in relation to mainstream DC Comics continuity.

Intercompany crossover

In a crossover with Dark Horse Comics, while vandalizing a museum exhibit, the Joker finds and wears The Mask, an item that grants the wearer a wide range of super powers and unleashes their hidden desires. Having no desires or personality traits that are hidden, the Joker essentially is himself but with near invulnerability, super speed, strength and other abilities. Using the Mask, Joker is able to defeat Batman and become unstoppable but the Joker quickly becomes bored with his power and no challenge. He takes over the Gotham television waves and broadcasts 24/7 destruction. Becoming bored with this, he commandeers a nuclear bomb to destroy Gotham City. Batman confronts Joker/Mask, and his insistence that the Mask isn't funny forces the Joker to emerge and remove the mask. The Mask had been in control for some time after Joker put it on. This story is considered non-canon.

In a crossover with 2000AD's Judge Dredd the spirit of the Joker, following a dimension jump mishap, is transported to Mega City One where his disembodied soul meets Judge Death and the other Dark Judges and joins them as the fifth Dark Judge. While in this form (with his catatonic body back in Gotham) he is able to possess bodies like the other Dark Judges and his laugh becomes so powerful it causes several skulls to explode. The reign of terror is only brought to an end when Batman and Dredd arrive, capture the spirits of Death, Fear, Fire and Mortis and force the Joker's spirit to return to Gotham, much to his dismay.

In a crossover with Marvel Comics Spider-Man, a surgical procedure that implants a behavior-altering computer chip into the head of serial killer Cletus Kasady (Carnage) is also used on The Joker to turn both men into timid souls. Carnage uses his symbiote to short out his chip, but waits until Joker is nearby to leap into action, so that he can take Joker and short out his chip as well. The two agree to an alliance, which is quickly dissolved when the two disagree on killing methods; Joker favours theatrical methods of murder, while Carnage prefers numbers and immediacy in planning his murder sprees. Joker uses various tricks to escape Carnage and blows up his hideout in an attempt to kill Carnage. This fails, and a corpse wrapped in symbiote material lures Batman into Carnage's reach. Carnage announces he will kill Batman in front of an audience, until Joker shows up and says that he would rather unleash his viral plague upon Gotham, killing himself in the process if need be, to rob Carnage of the kill. Carnage becomes distracted and Batman knocks him out, while Spider-Man uses a webline to steal the viral container from Joker, chasing him into an alley and knocking him out cold.

In a crossover with Marvel comics that also included Batman, The Hulk, and a being known as The Shaper of Worlds, The Joker is recruited to help the Shaper, who is going mad and will twist all of reality if he isn't healed. Having used the Hulk's gamma energy to calm the Shaper's mind, the Joker winds up with near-cosmic level powers, as the Shaper makes the Joker's wishes come true. Despite his new power, the Joker ultimately defeats himself, when twisting reality ever tighter in an effort to defeat Hulk and Batman he drives himself over the edge, having created too many worlds in too little time.

Lego sets

Lego, the Danish building toy company, have released a line of licensed products on the Batman theme. The Joker is featured in one set with a purple Joker helicopter, while Batman pilots his Batplane. The Joker's appearance is similar to the standard likeness in the comics. Lego has announced its intention to produce sets featuring sidekick and love interest Harley Quinn soon.

Theme park attractions

There are a few theme park attractions themed to the Joker. The Joker's Jinx, an inverted steel roller coaster in Six Flags America, follows the Joker's dominantly purple and green color scheme, and his mad laughter is played during the ride queue.

The current version of the motion simulator ride Batman Adventure - The Ride at Warner Bros. Movie World revolves around the Dark Knight attempting to foil the Joker's plan of spreading his deadly Joker Gas throughout Gotham from an airship.

Comic Books

* Batman #1 (Spring Issue 1940): "The Joker", "The Joker Returns"
* Batman #2 (Summer Issue 1940): "The Joker Meets The Cat-Woman"
* Detective Comics #45 (November 1940): "The Case of the Laughing Death"
* Batman #4 (Winter Issue 1941): "The Case of the Joker's Crime Circus"
* Batman #5 (Spring Issue 1941): "The Riddle of the Missing Card"
* Batman #7 (October-November 1941): "The Winning Team!"
* Batman #8 (December 1941-January 1942): "The Cross Country Crimes"
* Detective Comics #60 (February 1942): "Case of the Costumed Clad Killers"
* Batman #9 (February-March 1942): "The Case of the Lucky Law-Breakers"
* Detective Comics #62 (April 1942): "Laugh, Town, Laugh!"
* Detective Comics #64 (June 1942): "The Joker Walks the Last Mile"
* Batman #11 (June-July 1942): "The Joker's Advertising Campaign"
* Batman #12 (August-September 1942): "The Wizard of Words!"
* Batman #13 (October-November 1942): "Comedy of Tears!"
* Detective Comics #69 (November 1942): "The Harlequin's Hoax!"
* Detective Comics #71 (January 1943): "A Crime a Day!"
* Batman #16 (April-May 1943): "The Joker Reforms!"
* Detective Comics #76 (June 1943): "Slay 'em with Flowers!"
* Batman #19 (October-November 1943): "The Case of the Timid Lion!"
* Batman #20 (December 1943-January 1944): "The Centuries of Crime!"
* Detective Comics #85 (March 1944): "The Joker's Double"
* Batman #23 (June-July 1944): "The Upside Down Crimes!"
* Detective Comics #91 (October 1944): "The Case of the Practical Joker"
* Batman #25 (October-November 1944): "Knights of Knavery"
* Batman #28 (April-May 1945): "Shadow City!"
* Detective Comics #102 (August 1945): "The House That Was Held For Ransom"
* World's Finest #19 (Fall Issue 1945): "The League for Larceny!"
* Batman #32 (July-August 1945): "Rackety-Rax Racket!"
* Detective Comics #109 (March 1945): "The House that Jokes Built"
* Detective Comics #114 (August 1946): "Acrostic of Crime!"
* Batman #37 (October-November 1946): "The Joker Follows Suit!"
* Detective Comics #118 (December 1946): "The Royal Flush Crimes!"
* Batman #40 (April-May 1947): "The 13 Club!"
* Detective Comics #124 (June 1947): "The Crime Parade"
* Detective Comics #128 (October 1947): "Crimes in Reverse!"
* Batman #44 (December 1947-January 1948): "Gamble with Doom!"
* Batman #46 (April-May 1948): "Guileful Greetings or The Joker Sends Regards!"
* Detective Comics #137 (July 1948): "The Rebus Crimes"
* Detective Comics #138 (August 1948): "The Invisible Crimes!"
* Batman #49 (October-November 1948): "Batman's Arabian Nights!"
* Batman #52 (April-May 1949): "The Happy Victims!"
* Batman #53 (June-July 1949): "A Hairpin, a Hoe, a Hacksaw, a Hole in the Ground!"
* Detective Comics #149 (July 1949): "The Sound Effect Crimes!"
* Batman #55 (October-November 1949): "The Case of the 48 Jokers!"
* Batman #57 (February-March 1950): "The Funny Man Crimes!"
* Batman #59 (June-July 1950): "The Batman of the Future!"
* World's Finest #48 (? 1950): "Song of Crime!"
* Detective Comics #168 (February 1951): "The Man Behind The Red Hood"
* Batman #63 (February-March 1951): "The Joker's Crime Costumes!"
* Batman #66 (August-September 1951): "The Joker's Comedy of Errors!"
* Batman #67 (October-November 1951): "The Man Who Wrote the Joker's Jokes!"
* Detective Comics #180 (February 1952): "The Joker's Millions!"
* World's Finest #59 (? 1952): "The Joker's Aces!"
* Batman #73 (October-November 1952): "The Joker's Utility Belt!"
* World's Finest #61 (November 1952): "The Crimes of Batman!"
* Batman #74 (December 1952-January 1953): "The Crazy Crime Clown!"
* Detective Comics #193 (March 1953): "The Joker's Journal!"
* Batman #80 (? 1954): "The Joker's Movie Crimes!"
* Batman #85 (August 1954): "Batman - Clown of Crime!"
* Batman #86 (September 1954): "The Joker's Winning Team!"
* Batman #87 (October 1954): "The Batman's Greatest Thrills!"
* Batman #97 (February 1956): "The Joker Announces Danger!"
* World's Finest #88 (June 1957): "Superman and Batman's Greatest Foes!"
* Batman #110 (September 1957): "Crime-of-the-Month Club!"
* Batman #123 (April 1959): "The Joker's Practical Jokes!"
* Batman #127 (October 1959): "Batman's Super-Partner!"
* Batman #136 (December 1960): "The Challenge of the Joker!"
* Batman #140 (June 1961): "The Ghost of the Joker!"
* Batman #144 (December 1961): "The Man Who Played Batman!"
* Batman #145 (February 1962): "The Son of the Joker!"
* Batman #148 (June 1962): "The Joker's Greatest Triumph!"
* World's Finest #129 (November 1962): "Joker-Luthor, Incorporated!"
* Batman #152 (December 1962): "The False-Face Society!"
* Batman Annual #3 (Summer 1962): "The Joker's Aces" (Reprint from World's Finest #59)
* Batman #159 (November 1963): "The Great Clayface-Joker Feud!"
* Batman #163 (May 1964): "The Joker Jury!"
* Detective Comics #332 (October 1964): "The Joker's Last Laugh!"
* Justice League of America #34 (March 1965): "Deadly Dreams of Dr. Destiny"
* Detective Comics #341 (July 1965): "The Joker's Comedy Capers!"
* Batman #176 (December 1965): "The Joker's Utility Belt" (Reprint from Batman #73)
* World's Finest #156 (March 1966): "The F.B.I... The Federation of Bizarro Idiots!"
* Batman #182 (August 1966): "The Joker Batman" (Reprint from Batman #85)
* World's Finest #159 (August 1966): "The Cape and Cowl Crooks"
* The Brave and the Bold (October-November 1966): "Alias the Bat-Hulk"
* Batman #185 (November 1966): "80 Pg. Giant - G27"
* Batman #186 (November 1966): "The Joker's Original Robberies!"
* The Adventures of Jerry Lewis #97 (November-December 1966): "Batman Meets Jerry"
* Batman #187 (December 1966): "Gotham's Cleverest Criminal" (Newspaper Strip Rperint)
* World's Finest #166 (May 1967): "The Danger of the Deadly Duo!"
* Detective Comics #365 (July 1967): "The House The Joker Built"
* Batman #198 (February 1968): "The Crimes of Batman!" (Reprint from World's Finest #61)
* World's Finest #177 (August 1968): "Duel of the Crime Kings!"
* Detective Comics #388 (June 1969): Batman and Batgirl: "The First Men Killed on the Moon!"
* Batman #213 (July-August 1969): "The Man Behind the Red Hood!" (Reprint from Detective Comics #186)
* Justice League of America #77 (December 1969): "Snapper Carr -- Super-Traitor!"
* DC Special #8: Wanted (September 1970): "Joker-Luthor, Incorporated" (Reprint from World'd Finest #129)
* The Brave And The Bold #111 (March 1972): "Death Has The Last Laugh"
* Wanted: The World'd Most Dangerous Criminals (September-October 1972): "Knights of Knavery" (Reprint from Batman #25)
* Batman #251 (September 1973): "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge"
* Batman #257 (July-August 1974): "Rackety-Rax Racket!" (Reprint from Batman #32)
* Limited Collector's Edition #C-25 (Batman) (1974 - tabloid sized): "The Case o the Joker's Crime Circus" (Reprint from Batman #4)
* Batman #260 (January-February 1975): "This One'll Kill You, Batman!"
* World's Finest #227 (January-February 1975): "The Cape and Cowl Crooks!" (Reprint from World's Finest #159)
* The Brave and the Bold #118 (April 1975): "May the Best man Die"
* The Joker #1 (May 1975): "The Joker's Double Jeopardy"
* The Joker #2 (July 1975): "The Sad Saga of Willie the Weeper!"
* Limited Collector's Edition #C-37 (Batman) (August-September 1975, tabloid sized): "The Cross Country Crimes" (Reprint from Batman #122)
* The Joker #3 (October 1975): "The Clown Prince of Crime vs. The Creeper!"
* Limited Collector's Edition #C-39 (Secret Origins of Super-Villains) (October-November 1975, tablois sized): "The Man Behind the Red Hood" (Reprint from Detective Comics #168)
* The Joker #4 (November-December 1975): "A Gold Star for the Joker!"
* The Joker #5 (February 1976): "The Clown Prince of Crime Battles the Royal Flush Gang!"
* "The Joker #6" (March-April 1976): "Sherlock Stalks the Joker"
* The Joker #7 (June 1976): "Co-Starring Lex Luthor"
* The Joker #8 (July-August 1976): "The Scarecrow's Fearsome Face-Off"
* The Joker #9 (September-October 1976): "The Cat and the Clown"
* The Brave and the Bold #129 (September 1976): "The Claws of the Emperor Eagle"
* The Brave and the Bold #130 (October 1976): "Death at Rainbow's End"
* Justice League of America #136 (November 1976): "Crisis on Earth-S!"
* DC Super Stars #10 (Strange Sports) (December 1976): "The Great Super-Star Game"
* Batman #286 (April 1977): "The Joker's Playground of Peril!"
* Batman #291 (September 1977) "Where Were You on the Night Batman Was Killed? (Part 1)"
* Batman #294 (December 1977) 'Where Were You on the Night Batman Was Killed? (Part 2): The Testimony of the Joker"
* Detective Comics #475 (February 1978): "What's the Secret of The Joker's New Weapon -- The Laughing Fish?"
* Detective Comics #476 (March-April 1978): "Sign of the Joker!"
* The Brave and the Bold #141 (May-June 1978): "Pay -- Or Die"
* Batman #321 (March 1980): "You Are Corrially Invited to The Joker's Birthday!"
* Detective Comics #504 (July 1981): "The Joker's Playland!"
* Wonder Woman #281 (July 1981): "Always Leave 'Em Laughing"
* Wonder Woman #282 (August 1981) "First Laugh..."
* Wonder Woman #283 (September 1981) "Last Laugh"
* DC Special Series #27' (Batman vs. The Incredible Hulk) (Fall 1981)
* DC Comics Presents #41 (January 1982): "The Terrible Tinseltown Treasure-Trap Treachery"
* The Brave and the Bold #191 (October 1982): "Only Angels Have Wings"
* Batman #353 (November 1982): "Last Laugh"
* Detective Comics #526 (May 1983): "All My Enemies Against Me"
* Batman #365 (November 1983): "Ruins"
* Detective Comics #532 (November 1983): "Laugh, Killer, Laugh!"
* Batman #366 (December 1983): "The Joker is Wild"
* DC Comics Prsents #71 (July 1984): "The Mark of Bizarro!" (Bizarro-Joker)
* Super Powers #1 (July 1984): "Power Beyond Price"
* DC Comics Presents #72 (August 1984): "Madness in a Dark Dimension!"
* Crisis on Infinite Earths #2 (May 1985): "Time and Time Again!"
* Crisis on Infinite Earths #9 (December 1985): "War Zone"
* Shadow of the Batman #4 (March 1986): "The Laughing Fish, Sign of the Joker" (Reprints Detective Comics #475-476)
* Detective Comics #566 (September 1986): "Know Your Foes"
* Batman #400 (October 1986): "Resurrection Night"
* Detective Comics #569 (December 1986): "Catch as Catch Can"
* Detective Comics #570 (January 1987): "The Last Laugh!"
* Batman #403 (January 1987): "One Batman Too Many"
* Batman #408 (June 1987): "Did Robin Die Tonight?" [Flashback story]
* Detective Comics #570 (January 1987): "The Last Laugh"
* Legends #4 (February 1987): "Cry' Havoc...!"
* Doctor Fate Vol. 1 #1 (July 1987): "Cycles"
* Doctor Fate Vol. 1 #2 (August 1987): "Asylum"
* Superman Vol. 2 #9 (September 1987): "To Laugh and Die in Metropolis"
* Swamp Thing Vol. 2 #66 (November 1987): "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"
* Millennium #2 (January 1988): "Under"
* Secret Origins Vol. 2 #23/2 (February 1988): "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" [Flashback]
* Batman #415 (January 1988): "Millennium"
* Secret Origins Vol. 2 #23/2 (February 1988): "Shine On You Crazy Diamond"
* Batman #426 (December 1988): "A Death in the Family: Chapters 1 & 2"
* Batman #427 (winter 1988): "A Death in the Family: Chapters 3 & 4"
* Batman #428 (Holiday 1988): "A Death in the Family: Chapter 5"
* Batman #429 (January 1989): "A Death in the Family: Chapter 6"
* Batman #442 (winter 1989): "A Lonely Place of Dying, Ch. 5: Rebirth!"
* Flash #33 (December 1989): "Joker's Holiday"
* Detective Comics #617 (early July 1990): "A Clash of Symbols"
* Batman #450 (early July 1990): "Wildcard!"
* Batman #451 (late July 1990): "Judgements!"
* Detective Comics #623 (November 1990): "Death of Innocence"
* Suicide Squad #48 (December 1990): "In Control" (Cover and Flashback)
* Suicide Squad #49 (January 1991): "Out of Control" (Flashback)
* World's Finest #1 (1990): "Worlds Apart"
* World's Finest #2 (1990): "Worlds Collide"
* World's Finest #3 (1990): "Worlds at War"
* Robin II #1 (October 1991): "The Funniest Thing Happened..."
* Robin II #2 (November 1991): "Tomorrow a Tragedy"
* Robin II #3 (November 1991): "...a Comedy Tonight!!"
* Robin II #4 (December 1991): "Chill Factor"
* Batman Annual #15 (1991): "The Last Batman Story"
* Detective Comics Annual #4 (1991): "Succession"
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #1 (June 1992): "The Last Arkham, Part One"
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #3 (August 1992): "The Last Arkham, Part Three"
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #4 (September 1992): "The Last Arkham, Part Four"
* The Batman Adventures #1 (October 1992): "Penguin's Big Score"
* The Batman Adventures #2 (November 1992): "Catwoman's Killer Caper"
* The Batman Adventures #3 (December 1992): "Joker's Late Night Lunacy"
* The Batman Gallery #1 (1992)
* Detective Comics Annual #5 (1992): "Acts of Madness!"
* Batman Annual #16 (1992): "By Darkness Possessed"
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #13 (June 1993): "The Nobody"
* Batman #491 (April 1993): "The Freedom of Madness!"
* Batman #494 (early June 1993): [Knightfall 5]: "Night Terrors"
* Detective Comics #661 (early June 1993): [Knightfall 6]: "City On Fire"
* Batman #495 (late June 1993): [Knightfall 7]: "Strange Deadfellows"
* Batman #496 (early July 1993): [Knightfall 9]: "Die Laughing"
* Detective Comics #664 (July 1993): [Knightfall 12]: "Who Rules the Night"
* The Batman Adventures #16 (January 1994): "The Killing Book"
* Showcase '94 #1 (January 1994): "The Great Pretender"
* Showcase '94 #2 (February 1994): "King Joker"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #50 (September 1993): "Images"
* Detective Comics #668 (November 1993): "Runaway"
* Detective Comics #669 (December 1993): "Town Tamer"
* Detective Comics #671 (February 1994): "The Cutting Room Floor"
* Detective Comics #672 (March 1994): "Smash Cut"
* Detective Comics #673 (April 1994): "Losing the Light"
* Batman/Punisher: Lake of Fire (June 1994)
* The Batman Adventures #22 (July 1994): "Good Face Bad Face"
* Punisher/Batman: Deadly Knights (October 1994)
* Showcase '94 #12 (December 1994): "A Little Knowledge" (Cover and Flashback)
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #65 (November 1994): "Going Sane Part One: Into the Rushing River"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #66 (December 1994): "Going Sane Part Two: Swimming Lessons"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #67 (January 1995): "Going Sane Part Three: Breaking the Surface"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #68 (February 1995): "Going Sane Part Four: The Deluge"
* Detective Comics Annual #7 (1994): "Leatherwing"
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat Annual #2 (1994): "The Tyrant"
* The Batman Adventures Annual #1 (1994): "24 Hours" and "Laughter After Midnight"
* The Batman Adventures Holiday Special #1 (January 1995): "What Are You Doing New Year's Eve?"
* The Batman Adventures #28 (January 1995): "Twelve Days of Madness"
* Wonder Woman #95 (March 1995): "Poisons, Claws and Death Part 2" (Cameo Lead-In to Next Issue)
* Wonder Woman #96 (April 1995): "Joker's Holiday"
* Wonder Woman #97 (May 1995)
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #37 (April 1995): "The Joker, Part 1: The King of Comedy"
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #38 (May 1995): "The Joker, Part 2: Tears of a Clown"
* Spider-Man and Batman (September 1995): "Disordered Minds"
* Adventures of Superman #527 (September 1995): [36] "The Return"
* Action Comics #714 (October 1995): [37] "Crossing the [Punch] Line!"
* Batman and Robin Adventures #1 (November 1995): "Two-Timer"
* Underworld Unleashed #1 (November 1995): "Underworld Unleashed"
* Underworld Unleashed #2 (early December 1995): "Underworld Unleashed, Part 2: The Devil To Pay"
* Batman: Dark Knight Gallery #1 (January 1996)
* Action Comics #719 (March 1996): [9] "Hazard's Choice"
* Batman and Robin Adventures #5 (March 1996): "Second Banana"
* Deathstroke #58 (April 1996): "Bad Blood"
* Hitman #2 (June 1996): 'A Rage in Arkham, Part Two" (Cover Only)
* Hitman #3 (June 1996): "A Rage in Arkham, Part Three"
* Batman: Black and White #2 (July 1996): "A Black and White World"
* Catwoman #38 (October 1996): "Year 2, Part One: Grey in the Dark"
* Catwoman #39 (November 1996): "Year 2, Part Two: Night Moves"
* Batman/Captain America (December 1996)
* Batman Annual #20 (1996): "Fables of the Bat-Man"
* Catwoman Annual #3 (1996)
* Batman and Robin Adventures Annual #1 (1996): "Shadow of the Phantasm"
* Aztek #6 (January 1997): "A Child's Garden of Sinister Capers"
* Batman: The Long Halloween #3(February 1997): "Christmas"
* Aztek #7 (February 1997): "Hey Diddle Diddle: The Japed and the Japer"
* Spectre Vol. 3 #51 (March 1997): "A Savage Innocence"
* Batman: The Long Halloween #4 (March 1997): "New Year's Eve"
* Azrael #27 (March 1997): "Angel Insane, Part 1: Entry"
* Azrael #28 (April 1997): "Angel Insane, Part 2: Exit"
* Batman and Robin Adventures #18 (May 1997): "Joker's Last Laugh"
* The Batman Chronicles Gallery #1 (May 1997)
* Batman #544 (July 1997): "The Major Arcana, Part One: Jokin' With Mister D."
* Batman #545 (August 1997): "The Major Arcana, Part Two: Night of the Dying Jokes"
* Batman #546 (September 1997): "The Major Arcana, Part III: Hell To Pay"
* JLA #8 (August 1997): "Imaginary Stories"
* JLA #9 (Early September 1997): "Elseworlds"
* JLA #10 (late September 1997): "Rock of Ages, Prologue: Genesis and Revelations"
* Genesis #1 (October 1997): "Resonance"
* JLA #11 (October 1997): "Rock of Ages, Part 2: Hostile Takeover"
* JLA #12 (November 1997): "Rock of Ages, Part 3: Wonderworld"
* Batman: The Long Halloween #13 (December 1997): "Punishment"
* Batman: Batgirl #1 (1997)
* JLA #15 (February 1998): "Rock of Ages, Part 6: Stone of Destiny"
* The Batman Adventures: The Lost Years #1 (January 1998): "Lost Years"
* The Batman Adventures: The Lost Years #2 (February 1998): "Graduation Day"
* The Batman Adventures: The Lost Years #4 (April 1998): "As the Twig is Bent"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #105 (April 1998): "Duty Part One"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #106 (May 1998): "Duty Part Two"
* Batman: Arkham Asylum - Tales of Madness (May 1998)
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #1 (June 1998): "With a Price on His Head"
* Creeper #7 (June 1998): "Madhouse"
* Creeper #8 (July 1998): "He Who Laughs Last"
* Elseworld's Finest: Supergirl and Batgirl (September 1998)
* Detective Comics #726 (October 1998): "Fool's Errand"
* Batman Villains Secret Files and Origins (October 1998): "Scream If You Love Me", "Lost Pages: Green Lantern in Arkham"
* Batman: Two Faces (November 1998)
* Legends of the DC Universe 3-D Gallery (December 1998)
* Batman: I, Joker (1998)
* DCU Holiday Bash III (January 1999): "The Joker's Twelve Days of Christmas"
* Superman & Batman: Generations #1 (January 1999): "1949: Family Matters"
* Superman & Batman: Generations #2 (February 1999): "1969: Changing Times"
* Batman/Hellboy/Starman #1 (January 1999): "Gotham Grey Evil"
* Catwoman #63 (December 1998): "Hints and Allegations Part 1: Belling the Cat"
* Catwoman #64 (January 1999): "Hints and Allegations Part 2: No Laughing Matter"
* Catwoman #65 (February 1999): "Hints and Allegations Part 3: Menage a Trois"
* Batman: Nosferatu (March 1999)
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #10 (March 1999): "Mightier than the Sword"
* Batman #563 (March 1999) - Joker is on cover only
* Batman: Joker's Apprentice #1 (May 1999): "Joker's Apprentice"
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #14 (July 1999): "Masks of Love: A Harley Quin Romance"
* Impulse #50 (July 1999): "First Fool's"
* Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham #1 (August 1999)
* Darkness/Batman #1 (August 1999)
* Batman: Harley Quinn #1 (1999)
* Batman #570 (October 1999) "The Code Part 1: Breaking the Law"
* Detective Comics #737 (October 1999): "The Code Part 2"
* JLA #35 (November 1999): "The Guilty"
* Batman: DOA (December 1999)
* Anarky #8 (December 1999): "The Sins of the Father"
* Batman #573 (January 2000): "Shellgame, Part I: Gambits"
* Detective Comics #740 (January 2000): "Shellgame, Part II"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #126 (February 2000): "Endgame, Part One: Silent Night, All is Calm, All is Bright..."
* Batman #574 (February 2000): "Endgame, Part Two: ...Tender and Mild..."
* Detective Comics #741 (February 2000): "Endgame, Part Three: ...Sleep in Heavenly Peace..."
* JSA: The Liberty File #1 (February 2000): "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
* JSA: The Liberty File #2 (March 2000): "And the Clock Struck Midnight"
* Legends of the DC Universe #26 (March 2000): "The Fishy Laugh Part One"
* Legends of the DC Universe #27 (April 2000): "The Fishy Laugh Part Two: Reign of the Joker"
* Batman/Lobo (April 2000)
* Batman: Dark Victory #6 (April 2000): "Hate"
* Batman: Dark Victory #7 (June 2000): "Fools"
* Batman: Dark Victory #8 (July 2000): "Battle"
* Batman: Dark Victory #12 (November 2000): "Revenge"
* Batman: Dark Victory #13 (December 2000): "Peace"
* Birds of Prey #15 (March 2000): "Face Time"
* Birds of Prey #16 (April 2000): "The Joker's Tale"
* Birds of Prey #17 (May 2000): "Nuclear Roulette"
* Action Comics #765 (May 2000): [21] "A Clown Comes To Metropolis"
* The Batman of Arkham (June 2000)
* Hourman #16 (July 2000): "Snapper Carr Super-Traitor!"
* Superman #161 (October 2000): "The Reign of Emperor Joker Part Two: You Say You Want a Revolution?"
* Adventures of Superman #583 (October 2000): "The Reign of Emperor Joker Part Three: Life is But a (Very Bad) Dream"
* Superman: The Man of Steel #105 (October 2000): "The Reign of Emperor Joker Part Four: All the World His Stage"
* Action Comics #770 (October 2000): "The Reign of Emperor Joker Part Five: He Who Laughs Last!"
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #30 (November 2000): "Deals
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #31 (December 2000): "Madness and Chaos and All 'Cause of Me!!!""
* Harley Quinn #1 (December 2000): "An Harley Quinn Romance"
* Batman: It's Joker Time! #1 (2000)
* Batman: It's Joker Time! #2 (2000)
* Batman: It's Joker Time! #3 (2000)
* The Batman of Arkham #1 (2000)
* Wonder Woman #164 (January 2001): "The Gods of Gotham Part 1: Discordia"
* Wonder Woman #165 (February 2001): "The Gods of Gotham Part 2: Avatars"
* Wonder Woman #166 (March 2001): "The Gods of Gotham Part 3: Fear"
* Wonder Woman #167 (Apil 2001): "The Gods of Gotham Part 4: Faith"
* Harley Quinn #5 (April 2001): "Larger Than Life" (Flashback)
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #33 (February 2001): "World Without Batman"
* Robin Vol. 2 #85 (February 2001): "Fools Errand"
* Justice League of Arkham #1 (March 2001): "Taking Over the Asylum"
* Batman: Gotham Knights #14 (April 2001): "The Bet"
* Batgirl #15 (June 2001)
* Harley Quinn #8 (July 2001): "Be Cruel 2 Your School"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #142 (June 2001): "The Demon Laughs Part One: Exit Screaming"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #143 (July 2001): "The Demon Laughs Part Two: Running Wild"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #144 (August 2001): "The Demon Laughs Part Three: The March Hare"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #145 (September 2001): "The Demon Laughs Part Four: Mad About You"
* Superman & Batman: Generations II #2 (September 2001): "1975: Troubled Souls"
* Harley and Ivy: Love on the Lam (November 2001)
* Joker: Last Laugh Secret Files #1 (December 2001): "A Clown at Midnight"
* Joker: Last Laugh #1 (December 2001): "Stir Crazy"
* Joker: Last Laugh #2 (December 2001): "Siege Mentality"
* Joker: Last Laugh #3 (December 2001): "Lunatic Fringe"
* Joker: Last Laugh #4 (December 2001): "Everyone Knows This is Nowhere"
* Joker: Last Laugh #5 (December 2001): "Mad, Mad World"
* Joker: Last Laugh #6 (January 2002): "You Only Laugh Twice"
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #45 (February 2002): "Running the Asylum"
* DC First: Batgirl/Joker #1 (July 2002): "Clowntime"
* Batman: Gotham Adventures #53 (October 2002): "Green Mind"
* Harley Quinn #25 (December 2002): "Once More, with Feeling!"
* Harley Quinn #26 (January 2003): "Vengeance Unlimited Part One"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #162 (February 2003): "Auteurism Part One"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #163 (March 2003): "Auteurism Part Two: Electric Boogaloo"
* Detective Comics #780 (May 2003): "Dead Reckoning, Part Four"
* Detective Comics #781 (June 2003): "Dead Reckoning, Part Five"
* Batman Adventures #1 (June 2003): "No Asylum"
* Batman #613 (May 2003): "Hush, Chapter Six: The Opera"
* Batman #614 (June 2003): "Hush, Chapter Seven: The Joke"
* Batman #615 (July 2003): "Hush, Chapter Eight: The Dead"
* Harley Quinn #32 (July 2003): "The Year of the Rat"
* Batman Adventures #3 (August 2003): "My Boyfriend's Back"
* Outsiders #2 (September 2003): "Roll Call Part 2: Lawyers, Guns, and Monkeys"
* Outsiders #3 (October 2003): "Roll Call Part 3: Joke's on You"
* Detective Comics #787 (December 2003): "The Dogcatcher Part III"
* Gotham Central #12 (December 2003): "Soft Targets Part One" [Behind the scenes]
* Gotham Central #13 (January 2004): "Soft Targets Part Two" [Behind the scenes]
* Gotham Central #14 (February 2004): "Soft Targets Part Three"
* Gotham Central #15 (March 2004): "Soft Targets Part Four"
* H-E-R-O #10 (January 2004): "A World Made of Glass: Part 2"
* Batman #625 (May 2004): "Broken City Part 6"
* Batman: Gotham Knights #51 (May 2004)
* Batman: Gotham Knights #52 (June 2004)
* Batman: Gotham Knights #54 (August 2004)
* Batman: Gotham Knights #55 (September 2004)
* Batman Adventures #16 (September 2004)
* JLA: Another Nail #2 (June 2004)
* JLA: Another Nail #3 (July 2004)
* Batman #638 (May 2005): "Under the Hood, Part 4: Bidding War"
* Detective Comics #809 (early October 2005): "War Crimes Part 1: To the Victor Goes the Spoils"
* Batman #643 (early October 2005): "War Crimes Part 2: Minor Discrepancies"
* Detective Comics #810 (late October 2005): "War Crimes Part 3: A Consequence of Truth"
* Batman #644 (late October 2005): "War Crimes Part 4: Judgment At Gotham"
* Batman: Gotham County Line #1 (2005): "Book One: The Obvious Kill"
* Batman: Gotham Knights #73 (March 2006): "Payback"
* Batman: Gotham Knights #74 (April 2006)
* Batman #649 (March 2006): "All They Do is Watch Us Kill Part Two"
* Batman #650 (April 2006): "All They Do is Watch Us Kill Part Three"
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight 200 (April 2006): "Gotham Emergency"
* Infinite Crisis #2 (November 2005): "The Survivors"
* Justice #2 (December 2005)
* Justice #3 (February 2006)
* Infinite Crisis #7 (May 2006): "Finale"
* Justice #6 (August 2006)
* Batman #655 (September 2006): "Batman & Son Part 1: Building a Better Batmobile"
* Robin #152 (September 2006): "It All Comes Back Around"
* Justice #8 (December 2006)
* Batman #663 (February 2007): "The Clown at Midnight"

Below are links to other supervillain bios that you might be interested in.

KINGPIN (WILSON FISK) The Kingpin (Wilson Fisk) is a fictional character, a Marvel Comics villain who has battled many Marvel crime-fighters, most often The Punisher, Spider-Man, and Daredevil. (Detailed Bio)

LEX LUTHOR Lex Luthor is a fictional DC Comics supervillain. Created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster as a Superman villain, Luthor first appeared in Action Comics #23 (1940). Luthor has been Superman's archenemy for most of the superhero's existence, having been envisioned as his dual opposite, devoid of morals and relying on intellect rather than strength. (Detailed Bio)

THE JOKER The Joker is a fictional character, a DC Comics supervillain widely considered to be Batman's archenemy. He first appeared in Batman #1 (Spring 1940). His creation is the subject of debate, with some sources saying he was initially conceived by art assistant Jerry Robinson and redesigned by Batman creators Bob Kane and Bill Finger, which Kane consistently denied until his death in 1998. (Detailed Bio)

THE RED SKULL Red Skull is a Marvel Comics supervillain who is the archenemy of Captain America. The character's first modern appearance was in Tales of Suspense #66, although the Red Skull was impersonated by a Nazi agent, George John Maxon in Tales of Suspense #65 (via retcon). (Detailed Bio)

CAPTAIN SPAULDING (JOHNNY LEE JOHNS) is a fictional character created by Rob Zombie. He was portrayed by Sid Haig in House of 1000 Corpses and The Devil's Rejects. Rob Zombie may have based this charecter on John Wayne Gacy. Captain Spaulding was born on April 13, 1918 in Ruggsville, Texas with the name Johnny Lee Johns. He spent a small part of his childhood in the Ruggsville County home for orphaned boys until being adopted by a black family. Johnny Lee would soon grow very close to his adoptive brother Charlie. (Detailed Bio)

<a href="http://serialkillercalendar.com" target="_blank"><img src="http://serialkillercalendar.com/468x60banner.gif"></a>